Synthesis of Silver Nanocrystallites by a New Thermal Decomposition Method and Their Characterization

We formed silver nanocrystallites by the thermal decomposition of a Ag+¹‐oleate complex, which was prepared by a reaction with AgNO₃ and sodium oleate in a water solution. The resulting monodispersed silver nanocrystallites were produced by controlling the temperature (290 °C). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of the particles showed a 2‐dimensional assembly of the particles with a diameter of 9.5 ± 0.7 nm, demonstrating the uniformity of these nanocrystallites. An energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectrum and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of the nanocrystallites showed the highly crystalline nature of the silver structure. We analyzed the decomposition of the Ag⁺¹‐oleate complex using a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and observed the crystallization process using XRD.     

Presence and metabolism of the anabolic steroid boldenone in various animal species: a review

The review summarizes current knowledge on the possible illegal use of the anabolic steroid boldenone. The presence of boldenone and metabolites in different animal species and the possibility of the occurrence of endogenous boldenone and metabolites is assessed, as are the methods of analysis used for detection. Different laboratories in the European Union have examined the occurrence of boldenone and its metabolites. The results were discussed at different meetings of a European Commission DG-SANCO Working Party and summarized in an expert report. The situation of the different laboratories at this time is also covered herein. The overall conclusion of the Working Party was that there was a necessity for further research to distinguish between naturally occurring and illegally used boldenone forms. The confirmation of the presence of boldenone metabolites (free and conjugated forms) in certain matrices of animals is proposed as a marker for the illegal treatment with boldenone.     

急冷温度及凝胶剂添加量对植物甾醇/谷维素油凝胶物理特性的影响

为促进植物甾醇/谷维素油凝胶在零反式、低饱和的营养型塑性脂肪中的应用,以大豆油为基料油,植物甾醇/谷维素为凝胶剂,在不同急冷温度(5、20℃)及凝胶剂添加量下制备油凝胶,测定不同急冷温度及凝胶剂添加量下植物甾醇/谷维素油凝胶的晶型、晶体形态、物理稳定性、质构和热力学特性的变化。结果表明：随着凝胶剂添加量的升高,油凝胶中晶体排列逐渐致密,硬度增大,熔点升高;尽管急冷温度对油凝胶的晶型(β晶型)没有明显影响,但相对于5℃急冷,20℃急冷得到的油凝胶晶体组装更为致密,物理稳定性增强;在与传统甘三酯固脂对比SFC与硬度和熔点的关系中发现,在油凝胶体系中熔点随SFC的增加呈现非线性关系增长,但低固体脂肪含量(4.85%)即可赋予植物甾醇/谷维素油凝胶较高的硬度。综上,急冷温度及凝胶剂添加量对植物甾醇/谷维素油凝胶的物理特性具有显著的影响。     

植物甾醇油酸酯-虾青素复合脂质体的制备工艺优化

为了改善虾青素的水溶性和稳定性,探索植物甾醇酯用于构建负载虾青素脂质体的可行性,以大豆磷脂为主要膜材,采用薄膜-超声法制备植物甾醇油酸酯-虾青素复合脂质体(L-PA)。以包封率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化L-PA的制备工艺。结果表明：L-PA制备的最佳工艺条件为植物甾醇油酸酯与大豆磷脂质量比1∶10、磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4、超声时间4 min、吐温80与大豆磷脂质量比1∶2、有机相与水相体积比1∶4、虾青素与大豆磷脂质量比1∶50,在此条件下L-PA的包封率为95.24%。因此,植物甾醇油酸酯可用于构建负载虾青素的脂质体。     

超临界CO_2萃取技术提取松花粉中植物甾醇的研究

主要研究了超临界CO2萃取松花粉中植物甾醇的工艺参数。实验以提取物中植物甾醇含量为指标,通过预实验选择了合适的因素和各因素水平,并进一步通过正交实验观察了它们之间的相互作用。优化得到的超临界CO2提取松花粉中植物甾醇的工艺为:萃取釜压力35MPa,萃取温度70℃,CO2流量25L/h、萃取时间2h、分离I压力22MPa和分离I温度40℃。并使用此优化工艺参数,提取物中植物甾醇的含量高达8.6%。     

雄甾烯酮转化菌的诱变育种和发酵条件优化

采用紫外线照射和NTG对实验室保存的一株对植物甾醇有降解能力的Mycobacterium sp. SH5进行诱变处理,得到一株雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(Androst-4-end- 3,17-dione, AD)和雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮(Androst -1,4-end-3,17-dione, ADD)分解酶 (9α-羟化酶) 缺陷型菌株Mycobacterium sp. SH5-52.对Mycobacterium sp. SH5-52降解植物甾醇侧链得到AD (D) 的培养基组成、接种量、温度、pH值和溶氧等发酵条件进行了研究.在最佳的发酵条件下,投料质量浓度为0.6 g/dL时,AD (D) 的转化率由原来的37.2%提高到47.6%左右.     

栀子甾醇的分离分析

本文对栀子的植物甾醇成分进行分离分析,以期扩大栀子的应用范围。文中用索氏提取法从栀子中提取出果油,得率为16.7%。通过皂化法,用乙醚萃取出果油中的粗甾醇,再以溶剂结晶法对粗甾醇进行纯化。最后对所得甾醇样品的组分采用HPLC-MS分析。结果表明,栀子果油中可能含有β-谷甾醇和甘氨胆酸等甾醇成分。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成季戊四醇油酸酯

以季戊四醇和油酸为原料,一水合硫酸氢钠为催化剂,通过直接酯化的方法合成季戊四醇油酸酯。研究反应温度、投料比、反应时间和催化剂用量对反应的影响。得出最佳反应条件：季戊四醇0.1 mol,反应物醇酸物质的量比1.0∶3.5,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应温度200 ℃,反应时间4 h,酯化率达95.55％。     

油酸钠对酞菁铜颜料的分散作用

本文采用油酸钠对有机颜料酞菁铜进行改性,结果表明油酸钠可降低粒子Zeta电位,并有效调控有机颜料酞菁蓝的粒子尺寸及形貌.当水溶液中油酸钠浓度在0.040moL/L和0.500moL/L之间时,颜料粒子的平均粒径可达纳米级,Zeta电位可由-20mV减小到-60mV,体系的分散稳定性也得到明显提高.在油酸钠浓度为0.200moL/L时,颜料粒子粒径达到最小值(约66nm),而且总体比较均匀,基本呈现为球形;而油酸钠浓度较小(0.040 moL/L和0.064 moL/L)或较大(0.500moL/L)时,颜料粒子则主要以长棒状形式分散在体系中.