掺铜TiO^2光催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的研究

利用浸渍法制备了掺铜二氧化钛光催化剂，分别以乙酸降解和二氧化碳还原反应为探针，研究了催化剂的光催化氧化光催化还原性能．结果表明，铜掺杂能显著提高催化剂的光催化性能；结合光电子能谱、X光衍射分析等物理表征结果，对铜掺杂改性机制进行了讨论．     

Lipase-catalyzed esterification of lactic acid with straight-chain alcohols

Enzymatic synthesis of esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols with different chain lengths (C₆–C₁₈) were investigated in batch reactions with hexadecanol (C₁₆) as the model alcohol. Cyclohexane was the best solvent for higher ester yields, and the best biocatalyst was the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) as well as the textile-immobilized Candida sp. lipase. A method was established to obtain ester yields in the range of 71 to 82% for the different alcohols, and the most favorable conditions for the esterification reaction using Novozym 435 were an equimolar ratio of lactic acid to alcohol, each at a concentration of 120 mM each; a 50°C reaction temperature; 190 rpm shaking speed; and the addition of 100 mg molecular sieves (4 Å) for drying. The ester yield increased with increasing lipase load, and a yield of 79.2% could be obtained after 24 h of reaction at 20 wt% of Novozym 435. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase prepared in the laboratory also could be used to produce esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols, but it had a much lower activity than Novozym 435 with a temperature optimum of 40°C.     

固体酸催化合成草酸二乙酯的应用研究

以粉煤灰、活化剂、硫酸为主要原料经活化、陈化、浸泡、焙烧等处理制得的固体酸催化剂，应用于草酸二乙酯的合成中取得了良好的催化效果。实验发现，当醇酸摩尔比为3．5、催化剂用量为草酸的5％、反应时间在4h时，酯产率可达81.8％，该催化剂具有贮存稳定性高、可重复使用、制备工艺简单、原料成本低廉等特点，是一种易于工业化应用的环境友好固体酸催化剂。     

Insolubilization of sodium chondroitin sulfate by forming a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network with acrylic acid: A potential carrier for colon‐specific drug delivery

To reduce the highly hydrophilic property of chondroitin sulfate (ChS), a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) of chondroitin sulfate/polyacrylic acid (PAA) was prepared as a drug carrier by crosslinking acrylic acid with diethyleneglycol diacrylate. The swelling properties of the semi‐IPNs with different concentrations of crosslinking agent were correlated. The moisture sorption profiles were evaluated using differential thermal analysis. Ketoprofen was used as a drug probe to evaluate the performance of the drug released from the semi‐IPN matrices. The prepared semi‐IPNs demonstrated significant swelling reduction properties with both gastric and intestinal fluids compared with those of both the pure ChS and the ChSAA blend without the crosslinking agent. The amount of accumulated drug released from the semi‐IPNs was less than 30 wt % at pH 1.2 and up to 80 wt % at pH 7.4. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 114–122, 2002     

11-氨基十一酸的合成

采用催化氨解方法 ,对以 11 溴代十一酸为原料合成 11 氨基十一酸的反应条件进行了研究。实验结果表明 ,氨解反应的最佳工艺条件为反应温度 2 0℃ ;反应时间 2 4h ;m(11 溴代十一酸 )∶m (催化剂 ) =2 0∶1;n (氨 )∶n (11 溴代十一酸 ) =9∶1,上述条件下 ,氨解反应收率达 70 %。与现有工艺相比 ,提高了氨解反应收率。     

二氧化钛固载杂多酸催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用浸渍法以TiO2为载体制备了固载型杂多酸光催化剂--H3PW12O40/TiO2,H8SiW12O42/TiO2,H7PMo12O42/TiO2.通过Hammett指示剂与紫外光谱相结合的方法测定固体杂多酸催化剂的酸度,分别考察杂多酸种类、浸渍时间、浸渍浓度、烧结方式、烧结温度对催化剂酸度的影响,并对所制备的催化剂进行了红外光谱和光催化活性测试.结果表明,杂多酸固载到TiO2的表面,得到了催化活性较TiO2更强的复合杂多酸光催化剂,其对酸性大红3R的降解率从纯TiO2的79%提高到91%.以磷钨酸水溶液浸渍TiO2,浸渍浓度为0.10 mol·L-1 ,浸渍时间为28 h,烘干温度为120℃,微波炉焙烧功率为650 W,烧结时间为40 min制得的催化剂活性最高.在HPA-TiO2光催化系统中,杂多酸显著加速电子从TiO2表面到O2分子的传递,改变了TiO2光催化反应历程,从而提高光催化效率.     

对氨基苯甲酸生产废水的树脂吸附预处理

采用超高交联吸附树脂处理芳香两性化合物对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)生产废水,通过静态吸附、动态吸附-脱附实验,研究确定了最佳的吸附-脱附工艺条件。结果表明,在常温和2 BV/h的吸附流量条件下,原废水不用调节pH值,直接经JX-101树脂吸附处理20 BV后,CODC r可从6 000 mg/L左右降至700 mg/L左右,CODC r去除率达88%以上,PABA的吸附去除率达99%以上。采用1 BV 8%氨水溶液 1 BV 4%氨水溶液 2 BV水作脱附剂,在313 K脱附温度和1 BV/h脱附流量的条件下,树脂脱附性能良好。该工艺简单,运行稳定,操作简便,可回收有用物质,有望实现工业化。     

食品级、医药级磷酸三钙生产工艺

采用改进的固相反应法，以碳酸钙和工业磷酸为原料，制备食品级、医药级磷酸三钙(TCP)产品，研究了CaO与P2O5物质量的比、助剂加入量、反应温度对产物化学组成结构的影响；用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了产品的物相结构。提出了该工艺的反应机理，并确定了在技术上、经济上可行的工艺路线。分析结果表明，可以得到高品质磷酸三钙，产品质量指标符合FCC、USP和EP标准。     

芘四硫酸四钠盐／甲基紫精复合物光物理性质的研究

本文通过吸收光谱滴定和时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱对芘四硫酸四钠盐（ｐｙｒｅｎｅｔｅｔｒａｓｕｌｆｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄｔｅｔｒａｓｏｄｉｕｍｓａｌｔ，ＰｙＴＳ）／甲基紫精（ｍｅｔｈｙｌｖｉｏｌｏｇｅｎ，ＭＶ２＋）复合物在水溶液中的光物理性质进行研究．用甲基紫精滴定芘四硫酸四钠盐时，得到该复合物的组成成份是１∶１，反之，用芘四硫酸四钠盐滴定甲基紫精时，同样得到１∶１组成成份的复合物．该复合物的形成常数是２．４×１０６ｍｏｌ－１·Ｌ，当用光激发该复合物时，发现其中存在芘四硫酸四钠盐到甲基紫精的电子转移过程，并得到该过程的动力学模型．     

高氯酸铵生产中杂质氯酸盐处理工艺探讨

在高氯酸铵(AP)生产中,原料高氯酸钠中所含的氯酸盐杂质量过大,会影响AP的热稳定性。进行了4种氯酸盐杂质去除实验,其中盐酸与过氧化氢工艺路线较理想:90℃反应1.0~1.5h,停止加热后再反应0.25~0.5 h,V(高氯酸钠):V(盐酸):V(过氧化氢)=400:4:1。最终能将高氯酸钠溶液中杂质氯酸钠质量含量降到较低程度,产品AP中氯酸钠质量分数≤0.014%,符合国军标。