Removal of toxic aqueous ions using amorphous AlPO4

Aluminium phosphate (AlPO₄) was characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), point of zero charge (PZC) and dissolution studies. XRD showed the sample to be amorphous, FTIR confirmed the presence of OH groups on the surface and PZC was determined at pH 3.45. The dissolution study illustrated a decrease in dissolution with an increase in the pH. Potentiometric titration data were fit to the Gaines–Thomas equation, which showed that AlPO₄ is a weakly acidic ion exchanger. Sorption studies were carried out at pH 4–6 and temperatures 293–323 K. The uptake of metal ions was observed to increase with an increase in the pH and temperature. The surface selectivity towards metal ions was found in the order Pb²⁺> Cu²⁺> Cd²⁺. Sorption data were fit to the new equation derived from the proposed mechanism for metal ion uptake. Various parameters such as stoichiometry of the surface H⁺ ion release, equilibrium constant, standard enthalpy, entropy and free energy changes were evaluated from the plots. The values of all these parameters were found to be closely related to the values reported in the literature.     

碘量法测定三磺化三苯基膦

介绍一种间接碘量法测定三磺化三苯基膦的方法。向样品溶液中加入过量的碘溶液,利用碘的氧化性将三价磷氧化,再用硫代硫酸钠溶液滴定过量的碘,通过反应方程式可计算出样品中三磺化三苯基膦的含量。该方法可操作性强、简便、准确,且采用自动电位滴定仪进行测定,避免了指示剂法的显色观察误差,提高了数据的精密度。     

Thiol Redox and pKa Properties of Mycothiol,the Predominant Low‐Molecular‐Weight Thiol Cofactor in the Actinomycetes

The thiol pK_a and standard redox potential of mycothiol, the major low‐molecular‐weight thiol cofactor in the actinomycetes, are reported. The measured standard redox potential reveals substantial discrepancies in one or more of the other previously measured intracellular parameters that are relevant to mycothiol redox biochemistry.     

Novel Redox-Dependent Esterase Activity (EC 3.1.1.2) for DJ-1: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease

Mutations the in human DJ-1 (hDJ-1) gene are associated with early-onset autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). hDJ-1/parkinsonism associated deglycase (PARK7) is a cytoprotective multi-functional protein that contains a conserved cysteine-protease domain. Given that cysteine-proteases can act on both amide and ester substrates, we surmised that hDJ-1 possessed cysteine-mediated esterase activity. To test this hypothesis, hDJ-1 was overexpressed, purified and tested for activity towards 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) as µmol of pNPA hydrolyzed/min/mg·protein (U/mg protein). hDJ-1 showed maximum reaction velocity esterase activity (V_max = 235.10 ± 12.00 U/mg protein), with a sigmoidal fit (S_0.5 = 0.55 ± 0.040 mM) and apparent positive cooperativity (Hill coefficient of 2.05 ± 0.28). A PD-associated mutant of DJ-1 (M26I) lacked activity. Unlike its protease activity which is inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), esterase activity of hDJ-1 is enhanced upon exposure to low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (<10 µM) and plateaus at elevated concentrations (>100 µM) suggesting that its activity is resistant to oxidative stress. Esterase activity of DJ-1 requires oxidation of catalytic cysteines, as chemically protecting cysteines blocked its activity whereas an oxido-mimetic mutant of DJ-1 (C106D) exhibited robust esterase activity. Molecular docking studies suggest that C106 and L126 within its catalytic site interact with esterase substrates. Overall, our data show that hDJ-1 contains intrinsic redox-sensitive esterase activity that is abolished in a PD-associated mutant form of the hDJ-1 protein.     

微波消解-丁二酮肟沉淀分离-EDTA返滴定法测定含镍生铁中镍

含镍生铁是不锈钢冶炼重要原材料,准确快速检测含镍生铁中镍含量对不锈钢冶炼质量控制及成本控制至关重要,而使用丁二酮肟重量法测定含镍生铁中镍需使用大量酸溶解样品,有时还需要对不溶性残渣进行熔融处理,过程繁琐。实验利用微波消解法处理含镍生铁样品,并通过丁二酮肟沉淀分离法使含镍生铁中镍与钴、铜有效分离,再使用EDTA返滴定法测定镍,最终建立了含镍生铁中镍含量的测定方法。使用5个含镍生铁标准样品进行验证,当镍质量分数为5%～20% 时,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.14%～0.33%;通过t检验法进行显著性检验,测定结果与标准值之间无显著性差异。分别按照实验方法和国标方法GB/T 31924—2015《含镍生铁 镍含量的测定 丁二酮肟重量法》对同一个含镍生铁样品进行检验,使用t检验对两种方法得到的结果进行统计分析,结果表明两种方法检验结果无显著性差异。     

灰吹留铅—硫氰酸钾滴定联合原子吸收测定铅精矿银量

本方法适合于铅精矿银含量在1000~2000g/t。此方法采用灰吹留铅1~2g左右,用硫氰酸钾滴定银量w1与灰渣配料二次试金,灰吹留铅0.5g左右,硝酸溶解定容,原子吸收测定渣中银量w2,两者之和即为最终测定值。实验中用与试样等量银粉和纯铅混合滴定,验证回收率及留铅干扰程度。     

Insights into corrosion in dye solar cells

The main issue in using low cost metals in dye solar cells is the corrosion caused by the liquid electrolyte. Contrary to typical applications of metals, the adverse effects of corrosion in dye solar cells are related to irreversible depletion of charge carriers from the electrolyte rather than consumption of the metal itself. It is calculated that the penetration rate due to corrosion should not exceed 10⁻⁴ mpy (a couple of nanometers per year) to ensure device lifetime longer than 1 year. This is 10 000 times slower rate than what is considered to be a general benchmark value for very low corrosion rate in the field of corrosion science and has a major effect on how corrosion should be investigated in the case of dye solar cells. Different methods, their applicability, and limitations to investigate corrosion in dye solar cells are evaluated here. The issue with most techniques is that they can detect metals that are clearly corroding, but they have significant limitations in proving a metal stable. Our investigation shows that the most reliable information on corrosion is obtained from complete dye solar cells that are exposed to working conditions. A combination of color analysis of the electrolyte to such measurement is proposed as a means to extrapolate future performance of the cells and estimate potential lifetimes of the dye solar cells in regards to corrosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阴极电泳漆槽液MEQ值的容量法检测

介绍了乙醇法测阴极电泳漆槽液MEQ值的方法。用乙醇对阴极电泳漆槽液进行溶解,通过人工滴定法记录氢氧化钠标准溶液的用量,得到槽液p H与氢氧化钠消耗量的函数。利用相关软件绘图并进行数据处理,再根据公式便可计算出槽液MEQ值。此外还对四氢呋喃法和乙醇法测MEQ值的准确性和难易程度等进行了比较。     

水基型胶粘剂水分测试技术简介

水基型胶粘剂是一种用途广泛的胶粘剂品种,文章详细介绍了水基型胶粘剂中水分含量的几种测试方法,其中,卡氏加热炉-卡尔·费休滴定法是目前一种较为快速简便的水分测试方法。