粗糙集理论研究的最新进展及发展趋势

粗糙集理论是一种较新的软计算方法，是分析和处理不完备信息的一种有效工具。分析了粗糙集理论研究的最新进展，指出了粗糙集理论研究中存在的问题，并对粗糙集理论研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

高阶系统的奇异摄动模型的平衡降阶

针对目前比较成熟的奇异摄动模型的平衡降阶方法,提出了采用时矩输出拟合来改善降阶系统输出响应逼近程度的方法,实现简化模型输出误差更小、计算简便等优点.     

金属基仿生减阻材料元素与性能量化分析

借助灰色关联度分析方法,建立了触土部件金属基仿生减阻材料构成元素与性能之间的灰色关系分析模型,通过仿生犁壁材料的试验数据计算了仿生犁壁材料构成元素C、Re、Mn等分别与仿生性能指标接触角、硬度、成本等之间的关联度。分析了仿生犁壁材料元素构成比例与各性能指标之间的量化关系,为地面仿生机械减阻材料的研究提供了又一种科学分析方法。     

沟槽非光滑表面流场的数值分析

利用有限体积法对三角形仿生非光滑沟槽表面流场进行了数值计算。近壁面区采用B-L两层模型,外区采用雷诺应力模型。分析了沟槽表面的流场特性,对计算域中心Z=3 mm平面的速度场和湍流统计量进行了研究。顶点间距s+≈20,h+≈17.3的沟槽减阻率为5.2%;s+≈40,h+≈34.6的沟槽增阻率为12.3%。从速度场、剪应力及湍流统计三方面对沟槽表面减阻、增阻机理进行了分析讨论。与风洞和油槽实验数据定性对比的结果表明,理论计算与实验结果一致。     

关于《财务会计》中资产减值准备的教法分析

本文针对财务会计学中资产减值准备这一重要内容,从其基本理论、主要内容、会计处理等四个方面进行全面分析,弥补了教材中对此内容缺乏总体说明,没有分析对比的不足,帮助初学者更准确、更快捷地掌握这一知识点。     

4G移动通信系统及其与3G系统的比较研究

首先介绍了第四代移动通信系统(4G)的定义、技术特征,探讨了4G与超3G、WiMax的关系,然后对4G和3G的体系结构、系统参数、关键技术、移动性管理和安全策略等进行了比较研究,对4G的研究和建设具有一定的参考价值。     

优势关系下的相容约简和下近似约简

定义了决策表在优势关系下的相容约简和下近似约简,优势关系下的相容约简是优势关系下一致决策表约简的推广。证明了优势关系下的下近似协调集是优势关系下的相容协调集。举例说明了优势关系下的相容协调集不是优势关系下的下近似协调集,给出了优势关系下的相容约简和下近似约简的判定定理和可辨识矩阵,由此可以给出它们的约简算法。     

新滩油包水型稠油加剂降粘效果及微观分析

胜利新滩油田的油包水(W/O)型稠油的常温粘度高、流动性差、集输能耗大,必须对其进行降粘处理,否则难以集输.基于新滩W/O型稠油加剂后的降粘效果与稳定性,采用复配技术研制其反相降粘剂VRKD18.该剂为两种非离子表面活性剂的复合体系,其使用与储存方便,对新滩W/O型稠油的降粘效果显著,可使其50℃51 s-1下的表观粘度由7 000～11 000 mpa·s降到100mpa·s以下.采用影像分析技术,观测与分析新滩W/O型稠油的加剂反相过程、微观结构及液滴粒径分布,进而探讨其降粘机理.结果表明,新滩W/O型稠油在VRKD18剂作用下可自发反相,其粘度降低主要是由于VRKD18剂改变了其内外相结构、分散液滴相互作用的大小及方式,这为其集输工艺的更新奠定了基础.     

Attribute Selection Based on Rough Set Theory for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Fault Diagnosis

Electromagnetic emissions are radiated from every part of a personal computer motherboard, thus producing electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI has an adverse effect on the surrounding environment because EMI could cause malfunctions or fatal problems in other digital devices. EMI engineers diagnose motherboard EMI problems using the electromagnetic noise data measured by the spectrum analyzer. Finding the sources (e.g., PS2, USB, VGA) of electromagnetic noise is a time-consuming process. The attribute selection and fault diagnosis was developed based on the advantage of rough set theory (RST). RST is a novel data mining approach for dealing with vagueness and uncertainty. It can be used to find hidden patterns in data sets. In this study, the basic rough set theory concepts are introduced. The rough set approach enables one to discover the minimal subsets of condition attributes associated with the motherboard EMI fault diagnosis problem. The operating sequence includes data collection, data preprocessing, discretization, attribute reduction, reduction filtering, rule generation, and classification accuracy. Historical EMI noise data, colleted from a famous motherboard company in Taiwan, were used to generate diagnostic rules. Our research result (average diagnostic accuracy of 80% above) shows that the RST model is a promising approach for EMI diagnostic support systems.     

New approach in depositing thick, layered cubic boron nitride coatings by oxygen addition—structural and compositional analysis

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) can be produced by PVD and PA-CVD techniques by intensive ion bombardment leading to highly stressed films limiting its use in industrial applications. Various attempts have been undertaken to reduce the compressive stress of c-BN thin films. A significant reduction in compressive stress and a substantially improved adhesion was achieved by a new coating concept consisting of a two-step adhesion-promoting base layer, a compositional-graded nucleation layer obtained by a stepwise decrease of the oxygen content in the Ar/N₂/O₂ atmosphere and a low-stressed c-BN:O top layer with controlled oxygen addition. The four-layer c-BN:O film with a thickness of 3 μm was deposited by unbalanced radio frequency magnetron sputtering of a hot-pressed hexagonal boron nitride target on silicon substrates. The adhesion layer was deposited in a mixed Ar/O₂ atmosphere of 0.26 Pa with a stepwise increased nitrogen gas flow and a subsequent increase of the ion energy by increasing the substrate bias from 0 to − 250 V. The c-BN nucleation was gradually initiated by decreasing the O₂ gas flow. The present study was focused on the investigation of the morphology, the microstructure on the nanoscale, and the bonding structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transmission infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) employing analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (ASTEM). The HRTEM images revealed a four-layer coating consisting of a gradual nucleation of t-BN, on which a gradual nucleation of c-BN was achieved by decreasing the oxygen gas flow.