焦化防砂室内实验研究

油井防砂工艺技术的研究与发展对疏松砂岩油藏的正常开采至关重要.焦化防砂是通过向地层内注入热空气使原油在高温下发生氧化裂解生成焦炭从而将地层砂固结的一种防砂新技术.为了对该项技术进行全面系统的理论分析与评价,设计并制作了一套焦化防砂实验装置,利用该装置进行了焦化防砂室内实验研究.焦化效果以岩样的抗压强度进行评价,实验结果表明,影响焦化后岩样抗压强度的主要因素为空气最高温度、处理时间和空气流量.此外,对焦化处理后的岩样所作的岩样组成分析揭示出,稠油胶结机理为氧化作用使部分油分和胶质变成沥青质,沥青质受到高度的缩合作用而成为高分子量的甲苯不溶物.由于新生胶质的氧化比原生胶质的氧化困难得多,因此适合焦化防砂的油层,其原油必须含有一定量的原生胶质和沥青质.     

挟沙水流中沙粒对底壁湍流猝发的影响

本文在常规的边界层方程中保留了法向压力梯度项和增加了固粒对流体的使用项，结合Ｂａｔｃｈｅｏｌｒ对交界面提供的分析方法和小扰动稳定性理论，由理论分析和计算得到了包括沙粒之类的悬浮体的尺寸，比重，流动Ｒｅ数，两相速度差以及扰动波数与水流底壁湍流猝发角的关系，计算结果与Ｒａｓｈｉｄｉ等的实验结果相符。文中所得结果有助于进一步了解江河底部水流的流动特性以及泥沙的沉积和输运机理。     

Heat and Moisture Transfer in Wet Sand Exposed to Solar Radiation—Models and Experiments Concerning Buried Objects

One promising method of locating buried objects, such as land mines, is to use optical systems for detecting contrasts in surface temperature. With enhanced knowledge about the interacting physical processes behind these temperature contrasts, it is possible to improve detection precision. In such a context, moisture movement in the soil and moisture evaporation from the surface have been found to be of particular interest. This study was based on indoor experiments on wet and dry sand exposed to radiation from a solar panel. Simulations of heat and moisture transfer conducted with a one-dimensional model are also presented for the experiments. The calculations were successful in accurately predicting surface temperatures for both wet and dry sand, making it possible to predict surface temperatures under different conditions. These findings will contribute to increasing the probability of successful detection of buried objects under real conditions using optical methods.     

Air Filtration and Radon Decay Product Mitigation

Air cleaning as a means of mitigating the risks arising from exposure to indoor radon progeny has been evaluated in a single-family house in the north eastem US. using an automated, semi-continuous activity-weighted size distribution measurement system. The measurements included radon concentration, condensation nuclei count, and activity-weighted size distribution of radon decay products. Measurements were made in the house with and without an operating air filtration system and with various particle sources common to normal indoor activities operating. Aerosols were generated by running water in a shower, candle burning, cigarette smoking, vacuuming, opening doors, and cooking. Using a room model, the changes in attachment rates, average attachment diameters, and deposition rates of the unattached fraction with and without the air cleaning system were calculated. In the presence of active aerosol sources, the air filtration unit typically reduced the concentration of particles within the hour following the end of particle generation. After candle burning, cigarette smoking, and vacuuming in the bedroom, the reductions of PAEC by air filtration are about 60% with the air filtration system operating in the bedroom. During cooking in the kitchen, the reductions of PAEC in the bedroom with the air filtration system were about 40%. However, for all cases the dose reductions were smaller than the particle and PAEC reductions. For those particles that were generated within the bedroom, there was a 20% to 50% reduction in dose. In the case of cooking where the door was open and particles infiltrated from the rest of the house, the dose reduction was only 5% on average and appears to be insignificant. Thus, the dose reductions were h e r than the reductions in activity concentration, but there were no cases where the estimated dose actually increased.     

双层注水滤砂管的研制及其在埕岛油田的应用

埕岛油田出砂严重，化学防砂有效期短，传统的单管或双管注水不能同时满足防砂、注水的需要，单井作业费用高。为了满足油田分层注水防砂的需要，研制开发了双层注水防砂滤砂管及分层注水防砂一体化工艺管柱。双层注水滤砂管结构简单，性能良好，施工安全可靠，防砂效果良好。     

低电阻率气层测井评价方法

粘土矿物成份是造成气层电阻率低的主要原因。用灰色静态模型计算孔隙度，用BP神经网络计算束缚水饱和度等参数。与岩心分析结果比较，储层参数计算结果精度有所提高。用储层参数建立气层和水层的判别式，判别结果与试油有较好的一致性。综合数字处理结果建立了气层产能评价模型，处理结果与试油结果比较，符合率82％。     

弹性筛管防砂技术

弹性筛管防砂技术是根据稠油油藏高轮次吞吐和蒸汽驱井防砂生产需要而研制的筛管防砂新技术。进行了筛管结构优化、加厚过滤单元外罩设计、固定方式研究、弹性过滤材料筛选、防腐实验研究等。室内试验表明，筛管的过流能力在900cm^2／m以上、渗透率在100μm^2以上、筛管抗内、外压强度达到20MPa、防砂粒径在0.1mm以上、耐温350℃、pH值在3～12之间不被腐蚀。现场试验证明，该技术防砂和抗堵塞性能好，防砂有效期长，地层适应性强，施工简便，防砂生产效果明显，具有良好的应用前景。     

疏松砂岩油藏膨胀筛管裸眼防砂技术

胜利海上新区产能建设区块今后面临的油藏大多是原油粘度高、油层薄的低品位油藏,为提高海上油井单井产能,提高低品位油藏开发效果,开展了提高油井产能防砂工艺研究。膨胀筛管裸眼防砂是在同一井眼机械防砂后油井内径和泄流面积最大的防砂工艺,能够大幅度提高油井产能。埕岛油田开展了疏松砂岩油藏膨胀筛管裸眼防砂技术先导试验,比邻井平均产能提高131%,含水仅为邻井的40%,为提高海上低品位油藏开发效益,加快海上采油速度做了成功的实践。     

景洪水电站右冲沙底孔坝段加固处理设计

景洪水电站碾压混凝土重力坝坝顶高程612m，最大坝高110m，坝顶总长704m，其中右冲沙底孔坝段坝轴线方向长23．5m，水流向长270．7m。鉴于右冲沙底孔坝段，在施工期兼作一期、二期纵向围堰，在运行期又作为厂房右端墙的一部分，两侧将承受不同频率洪水位下的水压力，可能存在侧向失稳的问题，需对其侧向稳定性和基础应力进行复核计算。经复核计算发现，在二期导流期间，右冲沙底孔D0＋065m～D0＋240m段建基面抗倾覆稳定不能满足规范要求，且右侧垂直拉应力较大，有可能对坝体结构产生破坏。因此，有针对性地采取了一系列工程措施对右冲沙底孔D0＋065m～D0＋240m段进行了综合性的加固处理，从而确保了二期导流期间右冲沙底孔的安全及工程施工的顺利进行。     

特殊混凝土在30000 m3/h制氧机工程中的应用

主要介绍了马钢公司30000 m3/h制氧机工程中冷箱基础珠光砂混凝土的试配、检验与施工。