Gel‐spinning of partially saponificated poly(vinyl alcohol)

DMSO/water (80/20 volume ratio) solutions of commercial poly(vinyl alcohol)s (a‐PVA₉₉, a‐PVA₈₈) with degrees of saponification of 99.3 and 88 mol % were gel‐spun into methanol (−20 and −70°C). The dry filaments obtained were drawn at 200°C (a‐PVA₉₉) and 150–180°C (a‐PVA₈₈). The maximum draw ratio and Young's modulus were 26 and 34 GPa for a‐PVA₉₉ and 21 and 24 GPa for a‐PVA₈₈ (drawing temperature: 160°C). So, at first, the dry filaments obtained for a‐PVA₈₈ were drawn at 150–180°C until 10 times their original length. Moreover, the predrawn a‐PVA₈₈ filaments were perfectly saponificated under fixing at the both ends and then the filaments were redrawn at 200°C. The maximum draw ratio and Young's modulus for the filaments (a‐PVA_88→99) predrawn at 150°C were 28 and 39 GPa, respectively. The a‐PVA_88→99 filaments had two melting peaks (228 and 236°C). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2872–2876, 2000     

Structure and properties of syndiotacticity‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) prepared through saponification of drawn poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) with gaseous ammonia

The structure and properties of syndiotacticity‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (s‐PVA) prepared through the saponification of drawn poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) (PVTFAc) with gaseous ammonia were studied. The PVTFAc samples with s‐diad % of 59 and 64 were used. The s‐PVAs had low densities and showed X‐ray diagrams similar to the fiber diagram of PVA with indistinct 100, 101, 101¯, and 200 plane reflections and without the plane reflections seen at the equator of a typical fiber diagram, such as 001, 201, and 002. The s‐PVAs had melting points comparable to those of saponified and heat‐drawn samples, indicating a PVA with the typical fiber structure as seen in the X‐ray diagram of a sample. The intensity of the 916 cm⁻¹ band in the infrared spectrum related to syndiotactic diads decreased with drawing, suggesting an increase in the crystallinity. Crystals with more defects are thought to be produced in saponification. The s‐PVA films drawn 16 times and saponified had a Young's modulus and strength at break of 22 and 1.5 GPa for the sample from S‐59 and 14 and 1.2 GPa for the sample from S‐64, respectively. The crystallization‐sensitive band of 1145 cm⁻¹ in the infrared spectra of the saponified samples was weak. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 467–474, 2001     

多级微型工业反应釜中乙酸乙酯皂化反应的宏观动力学研究

采用多级微型工业反应釜 ,以电导连续测定对乙酸乙酯皂化反应进行宏观动力学研究 ,借助计算机应用线性最小二乘法对实验数据进行处理 ,得到了供反应器设计和模拟放大之用的宏观动力学方程 :- r A=2 .5 386× 1 0 7exp( - 5 .7698× 1 0 3 /T) c A,02 ( 1 - xA)2     

环烷酸的分离提纯方法

本文简要介绍了环烷酸的来源，分子结构和提纯方法。环烷酸的提纯方法主要有物理方法和化学方法。物理方法包括蒸馏法，吸附法等。化学方法包括酸洗法，皂化法，酰化法和酯化法等。     

皂化法与复分解法合成硬脂酸稀土稳定剂的比较

介绍两种不同的合成硬脂酸稀土稳定剂的方法，即皂化法和复分解法。并从产品质量、所需工艺条件及在PVC中的应用性能进行比较，最后得出皂化法合成的硬脂酸稀土稳定剂具有综合性能好，经济且合成工艺简单等优点。     

Regressional models that describe oil absolute viscosity

Equations that describe the temperature dependence (298–338°K) of absolute viscosity (μ) of 21 oils and oil-liquid fat mixtures were obtained based on two different approaches. Fitting each particular viscosity profile to a quadratic extension of the Andrade equation provided the best predictive models (R²>0.96). However, the coefficients associated with temperature effect did not have a physical-chemical meaning. In contrast, the multiple variable regressional approach fitted, in just one equation, the μ of all 21 oil systems (R²≈0.93). This equation included terms associated with structural parameters of acylglycerides, namely the degree of unsaturation (i.e., iodine value) and chainlength (i.e., saponification value) of the fatty acids. The models described effects of thecis double bonds and fatty acid chainlength on the acylglycerides’ interactions that determine both the μ of the system and its capability to crystallize. Therefore, multiple variable regressional analysis might be an excellent tool to better understand the quantitative structure-functional property relationships in lipids systems.     

稀土萃取分离氨皂化废水的处理与消除

介绍了稀土萃取分离氨皂化废水的产生过程和特点。介绍了该皂化废水的现有处理方法和消除方法。提出了电皂化法。处理方法主要有浓缩结晶法、蒸氨法和吸附法。消除方法主要有钠皂法和电皂化法。介绍了蒸氨法、钠皂法和电皂化法的化学原理。电皂化法的原子利用率为100%。     

精制硫酸镍的提纯生产

介绍以粗制硫酸镍制备特种行业硫酸镍的生产工艺和技术参数.     

EVA皂化水解及水解产物序列结构的研究

为得到不同水解程度的EVA皂化产物,以乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（Ethylene—vinyl acetate,EVA）为原料,甲苯为溶剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂使EVA中的乙酰基在碱性作用下进行水解而得到水解产物。通过化学滴定法研究了EVA在不同水解温度、水解时间、碱浓度下的皂化度,并利用红外、核磁对水解产物的结构进行了分析。结果表明：通过控制水解温度、水解时间和碱浓度实现了EVA的可控皂化度,并经^13C—NMR分析得出EVA皂化产物有九种不同的序列结构。该研究为今后对EVA进行化学改性提供了基础。     

A Simple Two-Step Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Tocopherols and Free Phytosterols from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate with High Purity and Recovery

Most of the methods reported for isolating phytosterols and tocopherols from soybean oil deodorization distillate (SODD) involved complicated steps or failed to obtain high content and recovery. In this study, we succeeded in isolating α-, δ-, γ-tocopherols, and free phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) from SODD with high content and recovery. Our protocol involved a simple two-step method. SODD was separated into non-polar and polar fraction by modified soxhlet extraction. Cold saponification was chosen instead of conventional saponification which is carried out at a temperature no lower than 60°C. This study of cold saponification was applied to the polar fraction to remove free fatty acids and acylglycerols. SODD contains 9.13 ± 0.28% tocopherols and 9.75 ± 0.12% free phytosterols, was converted to a final product which contains 38.08 ± 0.36% tocopherols and 55.51 ± 0.56% free phytosterols. The total recovery of tocopherols and free phytosterols is 94 ± 0.19%.