天津津塔工程深基坑方案的调整与分析

天津津塔工程深基坑施工方案经历了三次调整,从办公楼顺作、公寓与纯地下室逆作施工方案,到办公楼和公寓顺作、地下室逆作施工方案,到全部顺作施工方案,每一次调整都是针对建设单位对工程的需求进行的,最终选择了适应工程的合理方案,保证了工程的顺利开展。     

Evaluation of different types of fats for use in high-ratio layer cakes

Shortening is a major ingredient used in high-ratio layer cakes. Plastic shortenings are the most commonly used by the U.S. baking industry. However, the high levels of trans- or saturated fats in some plastic shortenings cause health concerns. Compared to plastic shortenings, liquid shortenings could significantly reduce the dependence on high melting point fats and the emulsifiers they contain would enhance the shortening’s functionality. The objective of this research was to compare the influence of different types of fats on the texture and shelf-life of high-ratio layer cakes. Cakes were baked with soybean oil to evaluate the function of three emulsifiers [propylene glycol monostearate (PGMS), glycerol monostearate (GMS), and Lecithin] on layer cake quality, including volume, cake score, and firmness. An optimum emulsifier combination was chosen (PGMS 1.8, GMS 1.0, and Lecithin 0.8 in g/100g flour) for addition to the liquid oil. Four groups of layer cakes were baked using: plastic shortening, liquid shortening, liquid oil, or liquid oil plus emulsifier combinations. Cake performance and firming over-time were evaluated. The liquid shortening provided the best fresh cake characteristics and cake firmness performance. Liquid oil with a combination of added emulsifiers performed very similarly in terms of firmness to the liquid shortening. This indicated that emulsifiers played an important role on the improvement of cake firmness shelf-life.     

基于已知信息的QC-LDPC 码截短研究

截短(shortening)是一种实现可变速率低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC, Low-Density Parity-Check Codes)的方法,其思想是通过删除校验矩阵中的一些信息比特,来达到实现变化码率和码长的目的.基于标准化通信系统所传输的数据中的已知信息,结合LDPC码的相关截短理论,对已知信息进行删除,设计可变速率的准循环 LDPC 码(QC-LDPC),以实现一种高性能、低复杂度、可变速率、可被多种通信标准采用的QC-LDPC 码.     

成层地基中单桩桩身压缩量的数值研究

通过分层土中的单桩模型分析得出桩身压缩的综合系数,进而对综合系数和荷载水平、长径比以及土的弹性模量等参数进行了研究。研究表明:①随着荷载水平的增大,综合系数变化不大;对于有缺陷的单桩来说,随着荷载水平的增大,两者呈现不同的曲线关系;②综合系数随长径比的增加而降低,几乎成线性关系;③随着桩周上部和中间土层弹性模量的增大,综合系数逐渐减小;随着桩周底部土层弹性模量的增大,综合系数逐渐增大。     

Evaluation of medium polarity materials isolated from fried edible oils by RP‐HPLC

Some frying by‐products of medium polarity called medium polarity materials (MPMs) were isolated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) from three different cooking oils used for frying during the domestic successive deep‐frying of potatoes. The cooking oils investigated were virgin olive oil, sunflower oil and a vegetable shortening oil. The relative RP‐HPLC increments of the MPM fractions showed a significant correlation to the total polar material and to the polymerised triacylglycerol increment. They could be used as a new method for the assessment of fried oil deterioration. The capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed two main groups of peaks for the MPM fractions, which are almost identical in the three examined oils. This indicates that the MPM constituents rather result from the triglycerides than from minor constituents of the oils.     

Obstructive Sleep Apnea as an Acceleration Trigger of Cellular Senescence Processes through Telomere Shortening

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is chronic disorder which is characterized by recurrent pauses of breathing during sleep which leads to hypoxia and its two main pathological sequelae: oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Both are also associated with cellular senescence. As OSA patients present with higher prevalence of age-related disorders, such as atrial hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2, a relationship between OSA and accelerated aging is observable. Furthermore, it has been established that these OSA are associated with telomere shortening. This process in OSA is likely caused by increased oxidative DNA damage due to increased reactive oxygen species levels, DNA repair disruptions, hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and circadian clock disturbances. The aim of the review is to summarize study outcomes on changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in OSA patients and describe possible molecular mechanisms which connect cellular senescence and the pathophysiology of OSA. The majority of OSA patients are characterized by LTL attrition due to oxidative stress, hypoxia and inflammation, which make a kind of positive feedback loop, and circadian clock disturbance.     

Ethyl cellulose/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based oleogel shortening: Effect on batter rheology and physical properties of sponge cake

This study attempts to fill the gap in ongoing research on the design, optimization, and characterization of ethyl cellulose/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based (EC/HPMC-based) low-saturated oleogel-shortenings by examining their functional effects on physicochemical, and rheological properties in the cupcake and its batter. Thus, the commercial shortening was completely replaced with the oleogel-shortenings in the cake formulation and, then, characteristics of the batter (including specific gravity, emulsion stability, and rheological properties), and cake samples (specific volume, moisture content, and texture properties) were evaluated and compared with each other and the control samples (containing commercial-shortening). In short, the EC-based- and EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batters had more specific gravity and emulsion stability than the control-batter. Liner viscoelastic rang in EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batter, EC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batter, and control-batter was 0.212%, 0.159%, and 0.195%, respectively. EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batter had a more viscoelastic behavior than EC-based-oleogel-shortening-batter after the control-batter (p < 0.05). The results of frequency sweep and dynamic shear tests indicated a higher similarity of the rheological behavior of the EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortening-batter with the control-batter. The results of moisture content and texture profile analysis of the cake samples indicated a slower staling in the oleogel-shortenings containing samples, especially EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortening type.     

Staged-construction analysis of high-rise buildings: A literature review and future perspectives

Staged-construction analysis (SCA) has recently become a noticeable trend for estimating the design forces and deformations for high-rise buildings (HRBs). SCA is a nonlinear step-by-step analysis that simulates the construction activities and conditions. It is a numerical simulation that considers loading history during construction, time-dependent material behavior, environmental conditions, and any special measures taken by contractors to limit differential axial shortening during the construction process. However, building codes and guidelines do not provide adequate provisions that clearly identify how to approach this type of analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on how SCA was previously adopted in theoretical research and how it was applied in real buildings. It begins by critically reviewing different research work on SCA. Afterward, the paper puts forward the recent fundamentals of conducting SCA. Then, a series of studies about verifying SCA as practical analysis procedure using field measurements are then presented. In addition, the current paper reviews how SCA can specifically affect post-tension slabs. Based on this review, several recommendations are provided to help in shaping the future code provisions, add to the development of recent practices, and inspire future research. The conducted review concludes that more investigations should be performed to better understand the effect of considering SCA on the deformations and design forces during HRB analysis.     

香樟树裹草绑膜保湿移栽技术

香樟大树移栽，在考虑其成活机理的基础上，对传统技术进行改进，总结出一套切实可行的实用技术。