自组装胶原蛋白复合膜对鱿鱼冷藏品质的影响

以草鱼鱼鳔为原料,酶法提取胶原蛋白后进行自组装反应,与壳聚糖、甘油制备复合涂膜,分析该涂膜性能,研究复合膜对鱿鱼冷藏保鲜效果的影响.结果表明:草鱼鱼鳔胶原蛋白属于I型胶原蛋白,具有三螺旋结构.胶原蛋白自组装后制备的复合膜拉伸强度增加,断裂伸长率降低,水蒸气透过率降低.未经涂膜处理的鱿鱼在冷藏第8天已腐败,而此时用自组装...     

Physicochemical and textural properties of dried squid as affected by alkaline treatments

The effect of alkaline treatment on the physicochemical and textural properties of dried squid was investigated. Dried squid soaked in 0.15 mol kg⁻¹ sodium carbonate with a squid/alkaline solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 20 h was shown to be the most acceptable in terms of both appearance and textural properties. Sodium hydroxide appeared to extensively destroy the fibre structure, leading to a mushy texture of dried squid. Alkaline‐treated squid had increased moisture and ash contents but decreased shear force compared to dried squid. Alkaline treatment effectively disrupted various bonds stabilising the fibre structure, resulting in structural alteration and increased water absorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that alkaline treatment mainly contributed to swelling and disintegration of squid muscle fibre. As a result, dried squid acquired a softened texture with a higher water‐holding capacity. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular identification of dried squid products sold in China using DNA barcoding and SYBR green real time PCR

ABSTRACT

Dried squid products are popular in China as a snack food, side dishes, or refreshments, and the market appeal can be reflected by the high price that occasionally reaches 497 RMB per kg. However, the absence of harmonisation around the definition of squid, as well as the problems with visual inspection for processed seafood products, make alternative species substitution for dried squid products a frequent occurrence. The aim of the present study was to apply a DNA barcoding approach for species identification of 48 dried squid products collected from the largest online shopping platform in China. Moreover, we also developed a novel SYBR green real-time PCR assay (simplex and duplex followed by a melting curve analysis) specific for Illex argentinus and Todarodes pacificus based on cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.

Results highlighted the successful DNA extraction and PCR amplification of a 655 bp COI gene fragment from all products. A maximum similarity value in the range of 98-100% was obtained for all readable sequences using the BOLD and BLAST public databases and four species (Dosidicus gigas, Uroteuthis edulis, I. argentinus, and T. pacificus) were identified. The specificity of the designed primer sets was confirmed against 23 non-target species, and the newly developed methods were successfully applied to screen I. argentinus and T. pacificus in dried squid products.

Overall, DNA barcoding is a robust tool for seafood species identification and the novel method is effective in screening I. argentinus and T. pacificus in food products.     

灌注后大鼠内脏器官光学性质的实验研究

灌注后大鼠内脏器官的实验结果表明 :结肠、胃的吸收比曲线的变化趋势基本相同 ,在 2 60nm、42 0nm、5 40nm处出现吸收峰 ,与人血液吸收峰的规律相同 ;它们的反射比曲线变化趋势基本相同 ;受灌注影响较大的是结肠的反射比、透过比和吸收比曲线。     

鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液及其美拉德反应产物制备及抑菌作用研究

目的 制备抗菌型鱿鱼蛋白水解液,实现鱿鱼资源的高值化利用。方法 以鱿鱼蛋白(鱿鱼头和加工碎肉)为原料,经风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解,测定各水解液对鱿鱼腐败菌(specific spoilage organisms of squid after end storage at room temperature,SE-SSOs)的抑菌性,选择合适蛋白酶水解鱿鱼蛋白,在最适酶解温度和酶解pH下,研究加酶量和酶解时间对水解液抑菌活性影响,制备鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液,通过美拉德反应提高鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液对SE-SSOs的抑菌活性,探讨抑菌模式。结果 胃蛋白酶水解鱿鱼蛋白所得水解液对SE-SSOs的抑菌效果强于其他4种蛋白酶,在胃蛋白酶最适pH 2.0和酶解温度37 ℃下,胃蛋白酶添加量500 U.g_-1^和酶解2 h制备了鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液(Squid protein antibacterial hydrolysate,SAH),SAH中分子量6500 Da左右和低于1000 Da肽组分的相对含量达到46%左右。在SAH中分别添加1%和3%质量体积比(m/v)葡萄糖、果糖和壳聚糖,在120 ℃油浴下加热30 min进行美拉德反应,其中添加3%果糖的SAH美拉德反应产物(记作SAH-3Fru MRPs)对SE-SSOs抑菌作用强于SAH和其他美拉德产物。扫描电镜结果显示SE-SSOs经SAH和SAH-3Fru MRPs作用,其中一些杆菌发生严重膜损伤,而球菌的质膜相对保持较完整。结论 胃蛋白酶水解法适用于制备抗菌型鱿鱼蛋白水解液,通过美拉德反应能进一步提高水解液的抑菌作用,SAH和SAH-3Fru MRPs均可以通过膜损伤方式抑制SE-SSOs中特定菌。因此,SAH及SAH-3Fru MRPs有进一步开发应用前景。