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51.
Kenji Imura 《Color research and application》2007,32(3):195-200
In this article, a new method for measuring a total spectral radiance factor of a FWA‐treated sample illuminated by a specific standard illuminant is introduced. The method replaces an unstable real fluorescent standard by a bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor data, which works as a virtual fluorescent standard (VFS) by knowing spectral intensity distributions of illuminations applied to the sample. The method utilizes two illuminations I1 and I2 whose relative spectral intensity distributions are different from each other and synthesizes a virtual illumination presenting the identical fluorescent spectral radiance factor to that presented by the standard illuminant with the VFS of the specific bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor by linearly combining I1 and I2 with the suitable weighting factors. The applicability of the method is examined in principle by comparing ISO brightness and CIE whiteness index of fluorescent standard paper as a test sample obtained by this new method to the assigned values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 195–200, 2007 相似文献
52.
Suitability of sweet sorghum in Greece, where irrigation supply during crop development is limited as rainfall is scarce and
evapotranspiration loss is high, is examined in relation with radiation availability. A two-year field experiment was conducted,
in central Greece, imposing four soil water regimes via different irrigation treatments: (1) Highly irrigated, (2) Highly
irrigated till anthesis when irrigation stopped, (3) Medium irrigated, and (4) Low irrigated. It was found that above-ground
dry biomass production from non-water-stressed sweet sorghum plants suggests a high productivity potential among C4 crops. Under water shortage, radiation use efficiency may be significantly lower. Radiation use efficiency seems to be linearly
related to water consumption. Stressed plants (probably except severely stressed) seem to use available water more efficiently
than unstressed plants. The slope of the line relating dry matter produced and water evapotranspired increases the sooner
the stress is sensed. Yield reduction resulting from post-anthesis irrigation stopage is very little. High water use efficiency
values tend to be related with low radiation use efficiency values. 相似文献
53.
射孔水平井中地层流体的流动是符合达西定律的,但水平井射孔工艺、完井方式以及井位等因素的影响,比垂直井复杂。本文将射孔后的流动看成线源,根据Newman乘积原理,用Green函数的方法得到井底压力解析解。在此基础上,将射孔时的地层压实和井壁污染用表皮来表示,并考虑井筒存储,得Laplace空间上的表达,最后用Laplace数值反演得到时空间上的解,利用该解可以有效预测水平井的产能。 相似文献
54.
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56.
Ke-Shun Liu 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(11):1179-1187
Theoretically, preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) deals with reversible chemical reactions in a complex system.
Methodologically, there are numerous ways, generally characterized by the type of catalysts used and steps involved. Although
there are more than a half dozen common catalysts, the majority fall into either acidic (HCl, H2SO4 and BF3) or alkaline types (NaOCH3, KOH and NaOH), with each having its own catalytic capability and application limitations. In terms of steps, many conventional
methods, including those officially recognized, consist of drying, digestion, extraction, purification, alkaline hydrolysis,
transmethylation/methylation and postreaction work-up. Although these methods are capable of providing reliable estimates
if some precautions are taken, they are cumbersome, time-consuming and cost-inefficient. A new approach has been to transmethylate
lipidsin situ. Due to its simplicity, high sensitivity, comparable reliability and capability to determine total fatty acids, the method
of direct transmethylation is finding a unique place in lipid determination. Regardless of which method is used, quantitative
methylation requires chemists to take precautions at every step involved, particularly during FAME formation and subsequent
recovery steps. Evidently, there is an urgent need for more systematic studies, guided by the chemical principle of reactions
involved and physicochemical properties of regents and end products, into factors affecting these steps. Hopefully, this will
lead to an improved method, which measures lipid composition in biological materials not only with high accuracy but also
with high efficiency and minimum costs. 相似文献
57.
Total superoxide dismutase (SOD:superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase; EC 1.15.1.1) activity and individual activities of its three different metalloenzymes, CuZn-SOD, Fe-SOD, and Mn-SOD, were investigated during senescence of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Total SOD activity and relative activities of its three forms varied greatly among cultivars. Activities underwent considerable change during senescence of fruit, but changes were different among cultivars. Whether fruit senesced at 0°C or 20°C had little effect on SOD activities, and application of the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) did not alter activities. SOD activities increased with occurrence of the physiological disorder “senescent breakdown,” but did not increase with occurrence of the disorder “superficial scald.” In a given apple cultivar, changes in total SOD activity generally paralleled activities of the different SOD forms. Such activity may reflect changes affecting food and nutritive quality of the fruit. 相似文献
58.
介绍一种小型全内腔脉冲Ar+激光管的设计和结构。并对不同阴极,放电管直径,激励电压及Ar气压等对输出功率及激光管寿命的影响作了一系列的实验,试制出结构简单,使用方便,价格便宜的有一定实用价值的小型全内脏脉冲Ar+激光管。 相似文献
59.
LabWare树立全球LIMS的典范 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文站在技术和应用的角度,简要介绍美国LabWare公司LIMS产品的功能,对其特点进行分析,其中,该系统的先进性和可组态性,实施的准时、概算的可控制,以及成功的业绩,对中国的用户将具有很大的吸引力。 相似文献
60.
Rodrigo Brquez Mario Espinoza Rodrigo Ormeo 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1994,66(2):181-186
Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) as a measure of protein degradation and total microbial counts or stored raw mackerel (Trachurus murphy), which had been treated with chemical preservatives, were compared with the TVB-N and microbial counts of untreated fish. In unpreserved fish, decomposition of fish protein was rapid. Treatment of mackerel with acetic (1000-5000 μg kg?1), which was the most effective of the parameters studied, approximately halved the rate of increase in TVB-N compared with the untreated samples. Changes in the total microbial counts presented a similar trend. 相似文献