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171.
172.
在BSO晶体中同时掺入Ce和Eu离子,生长了Ce:Eu:BSO晶体,对晶体的二波耦合和四波混频性能了测试。结果表明,Ce和Eu离子对晶体的光折变效应起到了增强的作用。 相似文献
173.
M.M Ohadi S.S Li R Radermacher S Dessiatoun 《International Journal of Refrigeration》1996,19(4):272-284
Although ammonia has been used for decades as a refrigerant of choice for selected large- and small-scale applications, no formal database is available on heat transfer of ammonia. A critical review of the published literature on heat transfer of ammonia is provided in this paper. The available correlations for in-tube and external boiling/evaporation and condensation heat transfer of ammonia are discussed and evaluated where possible. Supported by the findings of this effort, research areas of relevance that can contribute to expanded use of ammonia as an environmentally friendly refrigerant are suggested. 相似文献
174.
A study on the prediction of heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop of refrigerant mixtures is reported. HTCs and pressure drops of prospective mixtures to replace R12 and R22 are predicted on the same cooling capacity basis. Results indicate that nucleate boiling is suppressed at qualities greater than 20.0% for all mixtures and evaporation becomes the main heat transfer mechanism. For the same capacity, some mixtures containing R32 and R152a show 8.0–10.0% increase in HTCs. Some mixtures with large volatility difference exhibit as much as 55.0% reduction compared with R12 and R22, caused by mass transfer resistance and property degradation due to mixing (32.0%) and reduced mass flow rates (23.0%). Other mixtures with moderate volatility difference exhibit 20.0–30.0% degradation due mainly to reduced mass flow rates. The overall impact of heat transfer degradation, however, is insignificant if major heat transfer resistance exists in the heat transfer fluid side (air system). If the resistance in the heat transfer fluid side is of the same order of magnitude as that on the refrigerant side (water system), considerable reduction in overall HTC of up to 20% is expected. A study of the effect of uncertainties in transport properties on heat transfer shows that transport properties of liquid affect heat transfer more than other properties. Uncertainty of 10.0% in transport properties causes a change of less than 6% in heat transfer prediction. 相似文献
175.
The influence of irreversibility of finite-rate heat transfer on the performance of an absorption refrigerator is investigated using an endoreversible cycle model with continuous flow. The cooling rate is adopted as an objective function for refrigerator optimization. The maximum cooling rate and the corresponding coefficient of performance are derived. The optimal performance with respect to heat transfer areas of the refrigerator is analysed. In addition, certain significant conclusions are reached. 相似文献
176.
177.
文章采用中心点火管结构的实验装置研究了黑火药的点传火性能。用低速爆轰 (L VD)中心点火管来点燃黑火药时 ,1# ~ 3# 大粒黑药的传火速度为 70 0 m· s-1~ 80 0 m· s-1数量级 ,燃烧波宽度在 3.1ms~ 3.5 ms,最大压力峰值 :1# 为 36 .4 MPa,2 # 为 2 4 .0 MPa,3# 为 38.0 MPa。用普通中心点火管点燃黑火药时 ,2 # 、3# 和钝化 2 # 大粒黑的传火速度分别为 6 1.2 m· s-1、6 8.2 m·s-1和 4 0 .1m· s-1,最大燃烧波宽度分别为 9.2 ms、6 .3ms和 9.5 ms。燃烧波表明 ,L VD中心传火管与普通中心传火管相比较 ,在传火管的不同位置处 ,前者的 P- t曲线一致性远高于后者。 相似文献
178.
利用短周期地脉动推断深层地基S波速度 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从二维随机波场的相关理论出发,提出了如何从短周期地脉动(频率>0.5Hz)时域信号中计算Rayleigh波弥散曲线,进而反演深层地基剪切波(S波)速度的理论方法和分析技术,并结合实测信号的分析结果,探讨了该方法的可行性和实用性。 相似文献
179.
P. T. Tsilingiris 《国际能源研究杂志》1991,15(9):723-730
The paper describes the calculation of the beam solar radiation transmission across the uniform salinity upper convecting zone (UCZ) and the salinity stratified gradient zone (GZ), when the extinction coefficient is not only wavelength but also salinity-concentration dependent, assuming that the effect of scattering to be negligible. The results are useful in determining the effects of dissolved salt ions on pure water transmission, at least according to the existing measured data in the literature. 相似文献
180.
Y. C. Wu Darning Feng W. F. Koch 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》1991,96(6):757-762
Ionic interactions in the two systems NaCl-HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid) and NaCl-MOPSO (3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) have been studied in terms of their mutual influence on the respective activity coefficients of each component. Activity coefficients for each component of the two systems and for corresponding buffers are calculated from emf measurements of solutions containing NaCl, the aminosulfonic acid, and its conjugate base in a NalSE/solution/AgCl-Ag cell at 5, 15, 25, and 37 °C. 相似文献