Composite anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell: Structural and electrochemical characterization

A copolymer of 4‐vinylpyridine (4‐VP) and styrene was synthesized by radical mass polymerization using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. An insoluble (linear) pyridinium‐type polymer was prepared by the reaction of P (4VP–St) with 1‐bromooctane. An anion exchange membrane was prepared using a composite of pyridinium‐type polymer and a fibrous woven structure for use in electrochemistry. The composite membrane was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemistry measurements. The experimental results showed that the fibrous woven product had improved the tensile strength more than had the membrane made of a pyridinium‐type polymer alone. The composite membrane was used in alkaline fuel cells, and its properties were measured by electrochemical analysis. The ionic conductivity of the membrane was acceptable, but its performance as a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was not. The primary reason for this was analyzed, and research is ongoing, with analysis to be discussed in later reports. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2248–2251, 2006     

蒙脱石预处理对制备柱撑蒙脱石的促进作用研究

在制备柱撑蒙脱石的过程中，首次提出了蒙脱石的预处理工艺，并以莱西钙基膨润土为原料，研究了预处理方法、预处理时间、料浆浓度、分散剂种类及用量对蒙脱石分散程度的影响，将钙基蒙脱石颗粒分散达到0.964 μm。经过预处理后，用钙基蒙脱石直接制备柱撑蒙脱石，并用SEM、XRD、DTA-TG和SRF等进行了表征。经300 ℃焙烧2 h后，其层间距为1.262 nm，热稳定性达588 ℃，此法省去了蒙脱石的钠化改性，简化了制备工艺。     

顶空气相色谱法测定膨化大枣中的亚硫酸盐含量

采用顶空气相色谱法测定了膨化大枣中的亚硫酸盐含量。将粉碎样品放入500mL顶空瓶中,加入浓盐酸,在40℃恒温水浴中反应10min,亚硫酸盐在酸性条件下转化为SO2气体,取顶空气体进行气相色谱分析。通过测定气相中二氧化硫的含量,间接测定样品中的亚硫酸盐含量。本方法具有操作简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高等优点。实验结果的相对标准偏差为1.65%。     

亚硫酸盐法制浆废液的接枝共聚改性研究

首次报道了亚硫酸盐法制浆废液与丙烯酸类单体的接枝共聚改性反应。提出影响改性反应的主要因素是过氧化氢引发剂的用量,研究表明合适的引发剂用量为废液固体物干重的2.5%～3.0%。同时,随着接枝共聚反应中单体用量的提高,改性产物的粘度逐步提高。由于所生成基团的亲水性不同,在相同单体用量下,丙烯酰胺(AM)单体改性产物的粘度要高于丙烯酸(AA)单体改性产物。二元接枝共聚改性研究表明,随着AM单体用量比例的提高,产物的粘度也逐步上升。     

生物转化植物纤维产酒精的研究进展

植物纤维是潜在的可再生资源，利用微生物对其进行降解、转化以实现工业化低成本生产，已成为研究的热点。从生物方法角度对植物纤维为原料产酒精的3个阶段：原料预处理、纤维素酶糖化和发酵进行全面的阐述，包括微生物及其作用机理和处理工艺等方面的内容。     

铝系阻燃剂阻燃PP的力学性能研究

将用偶联剂处理的碱式碳酸铝镁加入到聚丙烯中，通过对体系阻燃性、力学性能等研究得出：碱式碳酸铝镁能够对聚丙烯起到良好的阻燃效果，碱式碳酸铝镁的加入提高了聚丙烯的冲击强度，当碱式碳酸铝镁质量分数为23％时，体系的冲击强度最高。研究了偶联荆的用量对体系力学性能的影响，结果表明，随偶联荆用量的增加，体系的拉伸强度降低，冲击强度先升高后降低，当偶联荆质量分数为1．0％时，体系的冲击强度最高。     

Promotional effect of hydroxyl on the aqueous phase oxidation of carbon monoxide and glycerol over supported Au catalysts

Gold particles supported on carbon and titania were explored as catalysts for oxidation of CO or glycerol by O₂ at room temperature in liquid-phase water. Although Au/carbon catalysts were not active for vapor phase CO oxidation at room temperature, a turnover frequency of 5 s⁻¹ could be achieved with comparable CO concentration in aqueous solution containing 1 M NaOH. The turnover frequency on Au/carbon was a strong function of pH, decreasing by about a factor of 50 when the pH decreased from 14 to 0.3. Evidently, a catalytic oxidation route that was not available in the vapor phase is enabled by operation in the liquid water at high pH. Since Au/titania is active for vapor phase CO oxidation, the role of water, and therefore hydroxyl concentration, is not as significant as that for Au/carbon. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced during CO oxidation over Au in liquid water and increasing the hydroxyl concentration enhances its formation rate. For glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid (C₃) and glycolic acid (C₂) with O₂ (1–10 atm) at 308–333 K over supported Au particles, high pH is required for catalysis to occur. Similar to CO oxidation in liquid water, H₂O₂ is also produced during glycerol oxidation at high pH. The formation of the C-C cleavage product glycolic acid is attributed to peroxide in the reaction.     

邻溴苯酚在高温碱水中的脱溴和降解动力学研究

利用间歇反应器研究了邻溴苯酚在250℃～350℃高温液态水中的降解行为,探讨了脱溴效率的影响因素和降解反应动力学。结果表明：升高温度和添加碱性物质能显著提高脱溴率;邻溴苯酚在0.1mol/L碳酸钠溶液中的降解符合表观一级反应动力学规律。GC-MS分析结果表明邻溴苯酚在高温碱水中降解的主要产物为苯酚和邻苯二酚,并由此推测出降解途径。     

基于LS-SVM棉针织物前处理工艺指标软测量

该文针对棉针织物前处理过程工艺指标吸水性和白度难以实现在线连续检测,且与前处理过程温度、时间、液碱浓度、双氧水浓度等影响因素具有较强非线性,难以建立精确数学模型。在分析了棉针织物前处理过程质量指标相关影响因素的基础上,采用最小二乘支持向量机建立了前处理过程工艺技术指标软测量模型,并通过实验验证了软测量模型的有效性。     

Alkaline treatment kinetics of calcium phosphate by piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance

Calcium phosphate film was prepared by electrochemical deposition technology. Subsequently, the alkaline treatment process of calcium phosphate film in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was monitored on real time by the piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance (PQCI) technique. The variations of morphology and composition for the alkaline treatment products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The dynamic variations of calcium phosphate can be characterized by the change of equivalent circuit parameters. The results show that the forming process of hydroxyapatite (HA) is composed of three stages: (1) acidic calcium phosphate dissolution; (2) phase transformation; and (3) HA formation. Furthermore, the correlative kinetic equations and parameters are obtained by fitting the static capacitance (C _s)—time curves. Foundation item: Project(2005CB623901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China