Simulation of the St. Francis Dam-Break Flood

A two-dimensional (2D) simulation of flooding from the 1928 failure of St. Francis Dam in southern California is presented. The simulation algorithm solves shallow-water equations using a robust unstructured grid Godunov-type scheme designed for wetting and drying and achieves good results. Flood extent and flood travel time are predicted within 4 and 10% of observations, respectively. Representation of terrain by the mesh is identified as the dominant factor affecting accuracy, and an iterative process of mesh refinement and convergence checks is implemented to minimize errors. The most accurate predictions are achieved with a uniformly distributed Manning n = 0.02. A 50% increase in n increases travel time errors to 25% but has little effect on flood extent predictions. This highlights the challenge of a priori travel time prediction but robustness in flood extent prediction when topography is well resolved. Predictions show a combination of subcritical and supercritical flow regimes. The leading edge of the flood was supercritical in San Francisquito Canyon, but due to channel tortuosity, the wetting front reflected off canyon walls causing a transition to subcritical flow, considerably larger depths, and a standing wave in one particular reach that accounts for a 30% fluctuation in discharge. Elsewhere, oblique shocks locally increased flood depths. The 2D dam-break model is validated by its stability and accuracy, conservation properties, ability to calibrate with a physically realistic and simple resistance parametrization, and modest computational cost. Further, this study highlights the importance of a dynamic momentum balance for dam-break flood simulation.     

乌东德大坝施工缆机布置方案研究

乌东德拱坝坝高270 m,坝体结构复杂,施工强度大,混凝土采用缆机浇筑。为了获得较优的缆机布置方案,根据两岸地形地质条件,拟定了低位缆机、中位缆机和高位缆机三类比选方案。比选结果表明,高位辐射式缆机方案投资与低位平移式缆机方案相当,但吊深过大,运行效率及安全性较低,故低位无塔架平移式缆机方案更优。选取低位高程1 055 m、1 060 m和1 065 m做进一步详细比选,最终推荐运行效率高、投资适中、适应性更好的低位1 060 m方案作为大坝缆机布置方案。     

百色水利枢纽导流隧洞工程地质分析及开挖支护措施

为查明百色水利枢纽导流隧洞主要工程地质问题,采用多种手段进行工程地质勘察,分析评价工程地质条件,提出开挖支护措施。并总结了该导流隧洞工程地质勘察及施工地质主要技术特点。     

东朗水电站坝型方案比选

本文根据东朗水电站坝址地形地质条件及工程区料场料源状况,选取混凝土面板堆石坝、沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝和碾压混凝土重力坝三种坝型进行比选,最终选择混凝土面板堆石坝。     

大山口水电站大坝安全定期检查既述

大山口大坝于1999年9月开始定检,对工程等级与洪水、工程地质条件、坝体稳定应力进行了复核,对施工质量进行了复查;对重力墩裂缝成因与影响进行了分析,对基础渗漏、大坝变形分析和大坝运行进行了分析总结,结合现场检查,定检专家组完成了大山口大坝定期检查工作,大坝被评为正常坝。     

A dam-breach erosion model: II. Application

In Part I, the earthen dam breach erosion was analyzed. To this end, the BEED (breach erosion of earthfill dams) model was modified and extended. In this paper, Part II of the series, the extended BEED model is applied to three historical cases: South Fork Dam, Buffalo Creek Dam, and Teton Dam. The testing before it can be used for forecast purposes. A sensitivity analysis of the model to its parameters shows that the model is very sensitive to friction factors; Chenzy's for breach erosion, and Manning's for flood routing.     

金安桥重力坝坝基稳定问题分析

采用三维弹塑性有限元方法，对金安桥水电站的碾压混凝土重力坝坝基的深浅层抗滑稳定进行了研究。强度储备系数方法计算所得出的渐进破坏过程揭示了重力坝坝基深浅层滑动的模式，同时根据新的重力坝设计规范。对大坝在设计阶段的抗滑稳定安全度进行了分析，大坝坝基的深浅层抗滑稳定是可以保证的。     

生物护坝措施在汾河下游治理中的应用

汾河下游段河道行洪速度缓慢，土堤长期受洪水浸泡，极易垮堤决口。如何固土，提高土堤的耐浸性就成为土堤稳定亟待解决的问题。本文针对这一问题提出了一种生物护坝的治理措施。     

大河庙水库大坝除险加固及其效果分析

本文针对大河庙水库大坝在高水位运行时渗漏严重,危及大坝安全的问题,结合在大坝除险加固方面的成功经验,提出了切实可行的固结灌浆处理方法,并对其效果进行了分析.     

特构斯河山口引水枢纽的引水防沙设计及试验研究

通过特克斯河口引水枢纽的试验研究，解决了常遇洪水低水位运行时河流两岸的引水问题，优化了水平县板特结构形式，收到了较好的引水防沙效果，为县板分层式引水枢纽工程设计提供了新经验。