Object detection based on a robust and accurate statistical multi-point-pair model

In this paper, we propose a robust and accurate background model, called grayscale arranging pairs (GAP). The model is based on the statistical reach feature (SRF), which is defined as a set of statistical pair-wise features. Using the GAP model, moving objects are successfully detected under a variety of complex environmental conditions. The main concept of the proposed method is the use of multiple point pairs that exhibit a stable statistical intensity relationship as a background model. The intensity difference between pixels of the pair is much more stable than the intensity of a single pixel, especially in varying environments. Our proposed method focuses more on the history of global spatial correlations between pixels than on the history of any given pixel or local spatial correlations. Furthermore, we clarify how to reduce the GAP modeling time and present experimental results comparing GAP with existing object detection methods, demonstrating that superior object detection with higher precision and recall rates is achieved by GAP.     

保证通榆河南段水质达标的区域尾水出路研究

在调查通榆河南段控制单元水质及区域污染源的基础上,概化影响通榆河南段控制单元水质的污染源,建立研究区域水质数学模型,并根据设计水文条件和边界水质,分析概化排污口对控制断面水质影响权重,初步构建区域尾水出路工程布局方案,并计算控制断面水质改善效果,为区域尾水出路寻找依据。结果表明,区域尾水出路方案实施后,古贲大桥、草堰大桥控制断面COD、NH3-N、TP的质量浓度分别为17.45 mg/L、0.99 mg/L、0.2 mg/L,12.87 mg/L、0.89 mg/L、0.14mg/L,其中古贲大桥控制断面NH3-N改善效果最为明显,改善率为41%,通榆河南段水质可以满足地表水水(环境)功能区划III类标准。     

基于分布式水文模型的水功能区设计流量研究

通过建立流域分布式水文模型,并实现对于枯水期流量的有效模拟,结合水功能区设计流量核算规则,提出了基于分布式水文模型的水功能区设计流量计算方法。应用该方法对松花江流域内300个水功能区的设计流量进行了计算,并考虑取用水、下垫面和调水工程等因素的影响,对流域在2020年和2030年水循环情景下水功能区设计流量的变化情况进行了计算和分析。计算结果表明,在未来情景下流域内水功能区设计流量整体呈下降趋势。以松花江干流上设计流量下降幅度较大的扶余站和哈尔滨站所在的水功能区为重点研究对象,提出为上游丰满水库设置230m3/s最小下泄流量的优化解决方案以对干流径流过程进行调控。     

三峡库尾泥沙资源化现状及建议

本文对三峡水库库尾河段河道特性、入库砂石资源特性、采砂现状及存在的问题等方面进行了研究分析,在此基础上,对三峡水库库尾采砂发展规划提出了建议。     

鸭绿江感潮河段洪水预报模型的修正

鸭绿江感潮河段47 km,现有洪水预报模型在大潮预报时有明显的缺陷,问题的主要原因是没有明确体现洪峰到达时间与潮汐两高两低涨落时间的叠加。为此,对高低潮的影响以3 h为一段进行时间离散化处理,确定8个时段内的潮位值,作为附表在模型中进行应用,相对定量地确定了模型L3与L4线间的预报值幅度选择,实例应用预报精度提高到允许误差的10%,预测准确。     

Nonlinear inverse optimization approach for determining the weights of objective function in standing reach tasks

This paper presents a nonlinear inverse optimization approach to determine the weights for the joint displacement function in standing reach tasks. This inverse optimization problem can be formulated as a bi-level highly nonlinear optimization problem. The design variables are the weights of a cost function. The cost function is the weighted summation of the differences between two sets of joint angles (predicted posture and the actual standing reach posture). Constraints include the normalized weights within limits and an inner optimization problem to solve for joint angles (predicted standing reach posture). The weight linear equality constraints, obtained through observations, are also implemented in the formulation to test the method. A 52 degree-of-freedom (DOF) human whole body model is used to study the formulation and visualize the prediction. An in-house motion capture system is used to obtain the actual standing reach posture. A total of 12 subjects (three subjects for each percentile in stature of 5th percentile female, 50th percentile female, 50th percentile male and 95th percentile male) are selected to run the experiment for 30 tasks. Among these subjects one is Turkish, two are Chinese, and the rest subjects are Americans. Three sets of weights for the general standing reach tasks are obtained for the three zones by averaging all weights in each zone for all subjects and all tasks. Based on the obtained sets of weights, the predicted standing reach postures found using the direct optimization-based approach have good correlation with the experimental results. Sensitivity of the formulation has also been investigated in this study. The presented formulation can be used to determine the weights of cost function within any multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems such as any types of posture prediction and motion prediction.     

金融危机与经济法的干预工具——重庆实践的启示

2008年金融危机是大萧条之后最为严重的一场世界性经济危机。中国的经济法学者主要从三个方面分析了金融危机及其解决方法,但是他们把美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机当作相关经济法论述的应然背景,而忽略了当前金融危机的根源——制造业生产能力过剩——这一根本问题。根据布伦纳等学者的研究分析危机产生的根源,以重庆的实践经验为例,为解决危机提供了两种经济法的干预工具：一是,合理利用土地财政收入改善社会状况,支付社会开支;二是,运用公有资产的市场收益,缓解政府对于税收和借贷的过分依赖。     

AUTOMATIC DELINEATION OF FUNCTIONAL RIVER REACH BOUNDARIES FOR RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

The river reach is a pervasive term within contemporary river research and applications. Yet, despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of consistency in its definition. This paper identifies the presence of two broad types of reach definition within the academic literature, operational and functional, and argues that a functional definition is more suitable for applications within river research and management. A range of sequence zonation algorithms that were originally derived for geological well‐log analysis were compared for their ability to automatically identify functional reach boundaries. An analysis of variance‐based global boundary hunting algorithm was identified as the most suitable. To demonstrate the potential practical applications of automatic reach delineation methods, two case studies where functional reach boundaries have been identified were described: first, in a sequence of predicted sediment transport capacities for use in a reach‐based sediment transport model; and second, in a sequence of RHS Habitat Quality Assessment scores for identification of lengths of channel in need of habitat restoration efforts. Finally, the paper discusses how this type of functional reach identification procedure might be applied in other areas of river research and applications and how a multivariate version of a statistical zonation algorithm might prove useful in facilitating integrated catchment management by identifying reach boundaries common across all variables of interest in the system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黑河中游典型灌区地下水位的动态变化

基于黑河沿岸地下水位观测井近20年实测观测资料,运用Mann-Kendall方法进行年地下水埋深序列的趋势分析,并选取代表观测井分析不同区域在不同时期内的年际与年内变化。结果表明:研究区地下水位埋深整体为增大趋势,区域地下水位下降趋势明显。年内的季节分配表明,从20世纪80年代至今,地下水位变化由水文-灌溉型逐步向开采型转变,其中平川区开采作用最为明显,集中表现在2000年之后,分水是导致这一时期地下水位下降的主要因素。     

黄河内蒙古河段冰凌时空分布特性分析

基于黄河内蒙古段系列历史冰情资料,利用小波分析方法对冰期气温、冰期径流、流凌日期、封河日期、开河日期进行了多时间尺度分析。结果表明:巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐三站的冰期气温总体呈上升的变化规律,并且三站的冰期气温变化趋势一致,黄河内蒙古段冰期气温存在15 a左右的周期;实测径流在分析序列中不存在显著周期;三站流凌日期和封河日期整体上推迟,开河日期提前,封冻时间缩短;流凌日期存在12 a左右的周期,封河日期和开河日期不存在显著强周期。