大位移井高性能水基钻井液技术研究

大位移井是在水平井技术基础上发展起来的技术,是国内外勘探开发的重要手段。大位移井由于水平位移大、斜井段长,主要面临井壁稳定、井眼清洁和润滑防卡三个方面的钻井安全问题,而大位移井钻井液技术是解决以上问题的主要技术手段。随着近年来钻井深度不断加大,钻井液高温稳定性能也成为大位移井勘探开发一个不可忽视的因素,为此,研制开发了一套高性能的高温水基钻井液体系,这套体系高温性能稳定、润滑性好、封堵性好、抑制性强,能够满足大位移井钻井基本要求,为今后大位移井的安全顺利开发提供了可靠的钻井液技术支持。     

笔架岭滩海大位移井钻井技术初探

本文就滩海钻井容易遇到的问题进行了说明,并一一提出解决的办法。笔架岭607块井位于辽河油田辽东湾北部,且施工的井型多为大位移井,完钻井深多在3500m以上。本区块施工中难度大,东营组地层以沙、泥岩互层为主,部分井段易吸水膨胀,造成井眼缩径,三开沙河街钻进,起下钻摩阻大,复合钻进中扭矩增长快,再加上三开阶段均需要进行降斜调整轨迹,所以如何控制良好的轨迹、降低起下钻摩阻、减少钻进扭矩以及安全携带岩屑成为了施工关键。本文主要从本区块施工一开到三开整个钻进过程所遇到的难点出发进行分析,使用合理的钻井技术克服了井眼缩径、井壁稳定、井眼净化、减阻降扭以及润滑等重点和难点问题。     

Extreme reaches and maximal reachable workspace for rotary tools mounted on a Stewart platform manipulator

Abstract

A new type of problem associated with the extreme reaches of the Stewart platform manipulator is dealt with in this paper. Given a specified orientation of the tool axis, the problem involves finding the extreme distance that the tool bit mounted on the mobile platform can reach from its home position along any specified direction. During the motion, the mobile platform is allowed to be rotated about the tool axis to adjust the configuration of the driving mechanism to prevent premature activation of the kinematic constraints. A numerical optimization algorithm based on the concept of the cyclic coordinate descent method is developed for solving this problem, in which all three types of kinematic constraints, namely the actuator stroke constraint, the passive joint limitations, and the link interference conditions, have been taken into account. In addition, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to find the optimal reachable workspace of the robot.     

重庆市氡浓度水平调查

对重庆市主城区环境空气、房地产建筑工程场地、伴生放射性矿堆场和宾馆室内空气氡浓度进行了调查。调查结果表明:主城区在12个区24个测点的环境空气中氡浓度年均值为10.8Bq/m3;房地产建筑工程场地土壤中的氡浓度按6个工地统计均值为1193Bq/m3;不同伴生矿的矿堆场周围空气中氡浓度水平差异很大,其中萤石矿最大,其次是铅锌矿;堆场周围空气中氡浓度水平按10类被调查的矿种统计平均值为65.2Bq/m3,萤石矿堆场周围空气中氡浓度平均值369Bq/m3,约是全市区域环境空气中氡浓度的35倍;8家宾馆109个客房室内氡浓度年均值为32.9Bq/m3。     

重庆水务上市模式分析及其对水业市场化改革的启示

对重庆水务上市模式进行了分析,总结了重庆水务上市的特点。依据重庆水务上市招股说明书披露的信息,结合对重庆水务与国内其他水务上市企业的比较,指出重庆水务上市存在的问题,并总结了重庆水务上市模式和改革方式带给国内水业发展和市场化改革的借鉴和启示。     

耐酸性混凝土在弱酸性地基中的工程应用

针对重庆江北区建新西路三期工程（天原段）建设中所遇到的弱酸性地基处理难题，通过试验研究和工程检测，选择配制耐弱酸性混凝土的地方材质，对耐弱酸性混凝土进行试配和优化，确定设计配合比，使所配制的耐弱酸混凝土具有良好的性能，满足工程的需要，为重庆市弱酸性地基环境中耐酸混凝土施工应用探索出了一条新路。     

Effects of sintering method and BiFeO3 dopant on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3–BiYbO3 based solid solution ceramics

(0.95–x) BaTiO₃–0.05 BiYbO₃–x BiFeO₃ (x?=?0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04) (abbreviated as (0.95–x) BT–0.05 BY–x BFO) ceramics were fabricated by conventional sintering (CS) and microwave sintering (WS) methods. Effects of sintering method and BFO dopant on the microstructure and electric properties of (0.95–x) BT–0.05 BY–x BFO ceramics were comparatively investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that all CS and WS samples presented a single perovskite phase. It was also found that WS ceramics possessed denser microstructure and finer grains compared to CS samples as indicated by the surface morphology characterization. Dielectric measurements revealed that all samples exhibited the weak relaxation behavior; however, the degree of relaxation behavior of BT–BY based ceramic could be strengthened by addition of BFO and by WS method. Moreover, the temperature and frequency stability could be improved with doped BFO. The density of 0.93BT–0.05BY–0.02BFO ceramic was found to be the largest while that of 0.94BT–0.05BY–0.01BFO ceramic was the smallest, thus, the dielectric constant of 0.93BT–0.05BY–0.02BFO was significantly larger than that of 0.94BT–0.05BY–0.01BFO and 0.94BT–0.05BY–0.04 BFO ceramics. minimum dielectric constant of (0.95–x) BT–0.05 BY–x BFO ceramic was obtained at x?=?0.01. Ferroelectric measurements indicated that all samples showed the slim hysteresis loop. The remnant polarization (P_r) and coercive field (E_C) of (0.95–x) BT–0.05 BY–x BFO ceramics first decreased and then increased with increasing x，the minimum values were obtained at x?=?0.01. Moreover, P_r and E_C of WS ceramics were slightly larger than those of CS ceramics, indicating that higher density and larger grain sizes contributed to enhancing the ferroelectric characteristic. These findings indicate that addition of moderate amount of BFO and use of WS technique can strengthen the degree of relaxation behavior and improve the ferroelectric properties of BT–BY based ceramics.     

Modulation of the action control system by social intention: Unexpected social requests override preplanned action.

Four experiments investigated the influence of a sudden social request on the kinematics of a preplanned action. In Experiment 1, participants were requested to grasp an object and then locate it within a container (unperturbed trials). On 20% of trials, a human agent seated nearby the participant unexpectedly stretched out her arm and unfolded her hand as if to ask for the object (perturbed trials). In the remaining 3 experiments, similar procedures were adopted except that (a) the human was replaced by a robotic agent, (b) the gesture performed by the human agent did not imply a social request, and (c) the gaze of the human agent was not available. Only when the perturbation was characterized by a social request involving a human agent were there kinematic changes to the action directed toward the target. Conversely, no effects on kinematics were evident when the perturbation was caused by the robotic agent or by a human agent performing a nonsocial gesture. These findings are discussed in the light of current theories proposed to explain the effects of social context on the control of action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

城市发展的经济成本分析——以重庆市为例

经济的发展是城市发展最根本的活力源泉,对城市发展进行经济论证应该成为城市规划的最基本的依据之一.文中论述了城市化经济成本的内涵、类型和构成,依据目前的经济、社会发展水平,从狭义和广义两种尺度上对重庆市的城市化经济成本进行了调研测算;在此基础上,从城市化发展的经济带动能力来预测重庆市未来的城市化水平,并根据城市化经济成本预测未来城市发展的资金需求.     

重庆都市区土地资源可持续利用对策

重庆都市区位于长江三峡水库生态环境脆弱的库尾区域，经济的快速发展已对有限的土地资源产生了较大的影响。通过对都市区土地资源的可持续利用的初步研究，分析了土地资源可持续利用中存在的5个主要问题，提出了实现都市区土地资源可持续利用6项措施。