初步设计阶段的监理工作初探

初步设计阶段的监理工作,主要包括确定监理人员,编制监理大纲,拟定设计要求等。     

辐射事故病例的生物剂量估计

本文报道了1986年4次~(60)Coγ射线意外事故11名受照者的生物剂量估算。2次事故受照者于照后24小时检测,另2次事故受照者则于照后48小时进行。用已建立的外周血淋巴细胞ACP及中性粒细胞LAP活力的细胞化学检测估计受照者的辐射剂量。估算得出的最低受照剂量约为0.10Gy,而最高则达1.90Gy左右。初步讨论了LAP及ACP活力的细胞化学检测在生物剂量估值中的优点及照后使用抗放药物对ACP活力的细胞化学检测的影响。     

核事故释出~(131)I对羊的污染研究

本文采用放射化学分析法,研究了苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故释出的~(151)I对新疆地区羊胃内容物、血、肌肉和甲状腺的污染规律。结果表明:事故后24天羊甲状腺~(151)I达到最大污染水平,其后按指数规律下降。~(151)I在羊甲状腺、血、肌肉和胃内容物中的有效半排期分别为:7.2、6.7、6.7和5.1天。羊胃内容物、血、肌肉和甲状腺中~(151)I的比活度之间呈直线正相关。 在~(151)I污染期间,用库存饲料圈养的羊的甲状腺中~(151)I比活度仅为野外放牧羊的1.7±0.7％。由羊甲状腺污染水平估算出此次事故~(151)I对新疆地区和乌鲁木齐成年人的待积有效剂量当量分别为3.8μSv和14.0μSv,不会对居民健康产生明显不良影响。     

固井质量事故甲乙方经济责任分担法

列出了在油田内部钻井专业市场环境下影响固井质量的因素，研讨了固井质量界定标准及钻井施工单位与固井施工单位各自应承担的经济责任比。辽河油田的实践证明，责任分坦法有助于协调甲乙方经济利益和关系。     

Construction Management Program

The typical limitations of the existing construction management programs are the lack of an integrated approach to managerial decisions in real life construction environment, not enough emphasis on engineering design, construction methods and communication skills, and poor coordination between the undergraduate and the graduate studies. An effective construction management program should. integrate teaching on undergraduate and graduate levels and research. On the undergraduate level it should provide the students with a good insight into all managerial tasks in civil engineering projects. On the graduate level it should allow specialization in the various areas of interest both to the practicing engineers and also to students who wish to pursue an academic career. The program should strongly interact with research and engineering practice.     

Analysis of Aerosol Resuspension under Severe Accident by ECART Model

Utilizing ECART model in resuspension module of CABSA code developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy, the SR11 test in STORM project was calculated and the features of aerosol resuspension under severe accident of nuclear power plant were analyzed. The result shows that all the forces on aerosol increase with aerosol diameter, drag force and burst force increase faster than adhesive force and gravity force. Aerosol with larger diameter has greater resuspension rate. Fluid velocity above structure can affect drag force and burst force, the increment of velocity can enlarge both the forces, and make the resuspension rate increase. By taking this advantage, the drag force and burst force can be reduced by reducing the fluid velocity above structure, and finally decrease the release of fission product to the environment.     

Useful representations of series solutions for transport problems

Simple techniques are presented for rearrangement of an infinite series in a systematic way such that the convergence of the resulting expression is accelerated. These procedures also allow calculation of required boundary derivatives. Several examples of conduction and diffusion-reaction problems illustrate the methods.     

The role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle crashes

In order to identify motorcycle accident cause factors and countermeasures in Thailand, a large prospective study was undertaken. Researchers conducted on-scene, in-depth investigation and reconstruction of 969 collisions involving 1082 motorcycle riders. Accidents were randomly sampled and included all levels of injury severity. Alcohol proved to be the most outstanding cause factor, with 393 drinking riders in crashes. Alcohol accidents were distinctly different from non-alcohol crashes. Alcohol accidents were more frequent on weekends and particularly at night, usually when the rider was on his way home. Drinking riders were more likely to lose control of the motorcycle, usually by running off the road. They were more likely to be in a single vehicle accident, to violate traffic control signals, and to be in non-intersection collisions. Males were far more likely to drink and ride than females. Drinking riders were far more likely to be inattentive to the driving task just before they crashed, and to be the primary or sole cause of the accident. One-fourth of all riders did not go to the hospital, and another 42% needed only treatment in the emergency room. Drinking riders were more likely to be hospitalized and far more likely to be killed. The higher hospitalization and fatality rates of drinking riders resulted from the kinds of accidents in which they were involved, not from the minimal differences in speeds and helmet use. Problems with balance and coordination were about equally rare among drinking and non-drinking riders. Inattention was a far greater contributing factor.     

Seat belt utilization in Saudi Arabia and its impact on road accident injuries

Most industrialized countries and many developing countries have passed laws that require the use of seat belts in motor vehicles. It is widely believed that seat belt use is an effective way to reduce road accident fatalities and injuries. Saudi Arabia joined these countries when it enacted a similar law on 5 December 2000 making seat belt use compulsory for all drivers and front-seat passengers. This study measures seat belt use rate and its impact on the number of road accident injuries during the first few months that followed the enactment of the law. It also investigates drivers' behaviour and personal characteristics and their relationship with using seat belts by using a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose. Results show that seat belt use rate in two Riyadh suburbs were 33% and 87%, respectively, for drivers and 4% and 41%, respectively, for front-seat passengers (FSP's). Such belt use rates are considered low yet encouraging when compared with use rates before enacting the law. Results also show that there was a significant drop in certain types of injuries due to traffic accidents after the enactment of the seat belt law. Questionnaire results show that certain personal characteristics were correlated with seat belt use rate. Finally, implications of these findings in terms of future plans for improving traffic safety are discussed.