Axial vibrations of U-shaped bellows with elastically restrained end conditions

Previous work by Li et al. in the area of axial vibrations of bellows dealt with fixed end conditions. However, it is seen on several occasions that bellow ends are welded to a small pipe spool that has a lumped mass such as a valve or an instrument. Hence, the present paper aims at finding out the effect of elastically restrained ends on the axial natural frequencies. The analysis considers finite stiffness axial restraints on the bellows, i.e. solving the set of equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions. Two bellow specimens are considered for comparison having the same dimensions as taken by Li in his analysis. The transcendental frequency equation deduced is accurate as the first, second and third mode frequencies computed are in close agreement to the ones obtained by Li.     

基于显微视觉的宏/微双重驱动微动台的自动标定

提出了基于压电技术的微操作系统的自动标定方法,采用混合式步进电机直接驱动的宏动平台,实现系统大行程宏动定位,安装在宏动平台上的压电陶瓷驱动的微动平台和精密光栅,实现亚微米级的分辨率和定位精度,通过以上两部分实现定位机构的全闭环反馈控制,采用显微视觉反馈获取微动台操作器在图像中的位置信息进行标定。实验结果表明:系统的动态和稳定性能良好,自动标定运算速度快,运行速度达到11 frame/s,实现了对系统的精确标定,标定精度达到0.1μm。     

Analysis of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer: Pressure Buildup in an Unsaturated Porous Slab Exposed to Hot Gas

This study develops a mathematical model for coupled heat and mass transfer in an unsaturated porous slab exposed to a flowing hot gas. Effects of the initial saturation conditions on associated variables, i.e., total pressure, temperature, moisture content, and multiphase flow, are studied. The Newton-Raphson method based on a finite volume technique is applied. This study emphasizes the influence of initial saturation level and gravitational effect in heat and multiphase flow phenomena associated with this system. Gravity enhances the downward flow of liquid within the porous slab. Pressure buildup occurs near the interface between the wet and the dry zone. However, it appears that the order of magnitude to the total pressure is small. This study explains the fundamental mechanism of multiphase flow that involves heat and mass transfer in a heated unsaturated porous slab.     

快速色谱分析技术在油气勘探中的应用

文章通过对五口井的现场应用介绍，阐述了快速色谱分析技术在油气层识别和解释方面的准确性，探讨了该技术在薄油气层的发现和评价、快速钻进条件下油气层的发现、对油气层全烃组份变化的统一、水平井的地质导向以及排除钻井液添加荆对油气显示的影响五个方面的优势，从而论证了快速色谱分析技术在油气勘探中的应用价值。     

厦门市筼筜湖城市防汛排涝现状及其对策

本文通过分析筼筜湖的自然概况、防汛排涝系统设施及实际运行等资料,提出进一步提高筼筜湖防汛排涝能力的对策。     

Life cycle cost analysis of alternative vehicles and fuels in Thailand

High crude oil prices and pollution problems have drawn attention to alternative vehicle technologies and fuels for the transportation sector. The question is: What are the benefits/costs of these technologies for society? To answer this question in a quantitative way, a web-based model (http://vehiclesandfuels.memebot.com) has been developed to calculate the societal life cycle costs, the consumer life cycle costs and the tax for different vehicle technologies. By comparing these costs it is possible to draw conclusions about the social benefit and the related tax structure. The model should help to guide decisions toward optimality, which refers to maximum social benefit. The model was applied to the case of Thailand. The life cycle cost of 13 different alternative vehicle technologies in Thailand have been calculated and the tax structure analyzed.     

Highly oriented star-like patterns observed on GaSe epilayers grown on Si(111)

Epitaxial lamellar gallium selenide (GaSe) semiconductors have been grown on trench-patterned silicon (Si) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. An intriguing star-like patterned morphology was identified by atomic force microscopy on these epilayers. This non-trivial feature can be correlated with the accumulation of stacking faults of two concurrent epitaxial domains around self-oriented triangular pits developed earlier on the Si(111) surface by the chemical etching. Crystallographic considerations show how the stars can be formed.     

The Minimum PAPR Code for OFDM Systems

In this letter, a block code that minimizes the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is proposed. It is shown that peak envelope power is invariant to cyclic shift and codeword inversion. The systematic encoding rule for the proposed code is composed of searching for a seed codeword, shifting the register elements, and determining codeword inversion. This eliminates the look‐up table for one‐to‐one correspondence between the source and the coded data. Computer simulation confirms that OFDM systems with the proposed code always have the minimum PAPR.     

Results of a User Study on 2D Hurricane Visualization

We present the results from a user study looking at the ability of observers to mentally integrate wind direction and magnitude over a vector field. The data set chosen for the study is an MM5 (PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model) simulation of Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico as it approaches the southeastern United States. Nine observers participated in the study. This study investigates the effect of layering on the observer's ability to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector field. We found a tendency for observers to underestimate the magnitude of the vectors and a counter‐clockwise bias when determining the average direction of a vector field. We completed an additional study with two observers to try to uncover the source of the counter‐clockwise bias. These results have direct implications to atmospheric scientists, but may also be able to be applied to other fields that use 2D vector fields.     

工程项目中计量支付工作应注意的几个问题

从工程前期、中期计量支付、责权利协调方面对工程项目中计量支付工作进行了介绍，并对各阶段的工作注意事项作了说明，指出做好计量支付工作是控制工程项目建设的关键环节。