热带中尺度海岛地区典型环境污染过程研究

使用气象及环境监测资料,对2008年9月12日-19日海南岛海口市一次典型环境污染过程的大气中污染物浓度时空变化、大气背景场和物理量场及其相关因素进行了诊断分析.结果表明:大陆高压前部滞留的高压脊、印缅低压槽是影响海口市环境空气质量的主要天气型,空气污染物浓度的谷峰变化形成的环境污染过程与这2个系统的相继影响有较好的对应关系;高压脊上空持续的下沉气流及边界层低层流场辐合形成污染物汇聚带,导致污染物逐日积累并达到峰值;热带地区发展的热带气旋外围常形成深厚的下沉气流,有利于高压脊区日均污染物浓度增大;印缅低压槽及其偏南风、明显降水有利于污染物的清除.因此,热带地区大型高压脊天气系统及其控制下的海口市地方性流场汇聚是造成地区API(air pollution index)积累及峰值形成的主要原因.     

Power tiller: vibration magnitudes and intervention development for vibration reduction

The operators of power tiller are exposed to a high level of vibration originating from the dynamic interaction between the soil and the machine. The vibration from the power tiller is transmitted from the handle to hands, arms and shoulders. In the present study, experiments were conducted in three operational conditions i.e. transportation on farm roads, tilling with cultivator and rota-tilling with rota-vator. The highest vibration values were observed in x-direction in all the experiments. The maximum vibration rms values for x-direction were 5.96, 6.81 and 8.00 ms⁻² in tilling with cultivator, transportation and rota-tilling respectively. Three materials were used for intervention development to reduce vibration magnitude. The maximum reduction of 25.30, 31.21 and 30.45% in transportation; 23.50, 30.64 and 20.86% in tilling with cultivator and 24.03, 29.18 and 25.52% in rota-tilling were achieved with polyurethane (PU), rubber and combination of PU and rubber intervention. It was found that the maximum vibration reductions were achieved with the rubber in all three operational conditions. The average exposure time for occurrence of white finger syndrome increased by 28–50% with incorporation of intervention in different operations. Physiological and postural parameters also improved with incorporation of interventions.     

Social IT outsourcing and development: theorising the linkage

In recent years, a growing number of social enterprises have focused their attention on harnessing the benefits of trade in software by involving underprivileged communities from developing countries in the production of information technology (IT). The goal of this type of activity, known as social IT outsourcing, is not only to provide employment and income to low‐income individuals but also to address wider development priorities within the locality. This paper focuses on strengthening our understanding of social IT outsourcing as a promoter of development. Based on research in Jharkhand, eastern India, we seek to understand how social IT outsourcing activity is interpreted from the perspective of employees who provide data services for the market and from the perspective of the social enterprise that balances its market orientation with its social development goals. Our findings generate new insights into the mechanisms at play through which social IT outsourcing is able to provide a variety of developmental advantages to rural poor communities leading to policy implications for governments and development agencies.     

Adoption of ICT in a government organization in a developing country: An empirical study

eGovernment initiatives all over the world endeavor to integrate Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to transform delivery of government services to their stakeholders by improving quality of services, accountability and efficiency. In this study we explore adoption of ICT to enhance government-to-employee interactions in a government organization in a developing country. We examine this adoption behavior by utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) that provides an integrative view of user acceptance. We found that performance and effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions all positively impact the use of the ICT. We did not find a significant moderating effect of gender on these relationships.     

中国与印度纺织工业比较及合作展望

从生产要素、行业、政策等方面比较分析了中印纺织工业的现状．结果表明由于中印两国在资源禀赋方面的差异,两国在部分纺织品的生产上具有互补性,市场资源潜力巨大,未来两国间的纺织业合作具有巨大的发展空间。     

国外典型地区信息产业技术创新体系的特点及启示

国外不同地区在发展信息产业时依据自身特点,采用了不同的模式,形成了各具特色的信息产业技术创新体系。通过对美、日、韩、印信息产业技术创新体系不同特点的研究,力图寻求带有规律性的经验,为中国信息产业技术创新体系的建设完善提供帮助。     

印度铁矿石出口潜力分析

分析了印度铁矿石的资源储量、生产能力、国内需求、出口现状；探讨了印度钢铁工业的国家政策、未来发展趋势及铁矿石新增产能的可能性；研究了今后印度铁矿石的出口潜力，并综合分析了今后影响印度铁矿石出口的主要因素。     

印度软件业对高校计算机教育改革的启示

从印度软件业的成功入手,指出我国软件业有政策、环境、教育等诸多因素的不足,提出了我国高校计算机教育改革应从教学模式与教学内容、培养学生的创造力、双语教学、计算机教师等进行改革,使我国成为软件业的强国.     

Understanding e-Waste Management in Developing Countries: Strategies,Determinants, and Policy Implications in the Indian ICT Sector

Management of e-waste is a growing problem for developing countries; one that may undermine the sustainability of information and communication technology (ICT) use if not addressed. In this paper, we focus on a somewhat under-emphasized group that contributes significantly to developing country e-waste: local organizational consumers of ICT. Although this group creates the majority of e-waste, the factors shaping their e-waste decisions are not well understood. Our purpose in the paper is to provide such an understanding.

This paper, therefore, builds conceptual models of e-waste strategies and e-waste strategy determinants from the environmental management literature. It applies these models to a key e-waste producer – the ICT services sector in India – drawing qualitative data from a mix of very large and small/medium firms.

While the former have been proactive in their e-waste strategy, the small/medium firms are characterized as indifferent to e-waste; a divergence explained by the very different strengths of determining factors to which they are subject. In turn, those factors relate to the size of these ICT consumers and the nature of value chains into which they are placed. Understanding these determinants can help us plan better e-waste interventions; a point illustrated through critique of recently introduced legislation.     

Interstate river conflicts: lessons from India and the US

In both India and the US, the majority of rivers are interstate and the states retain substantial legal power over water resources. In the US, negotiation of river compacts has not eliminated controversy, due to their inflexibility over time. In India, court-appointed tribunals, employed for major interstate river conflicts, have frequently relied on a vague principle of just and equitable apportionment in resolving interstate disputes. The experiences of the two countries show that conflict resolution must involve positive rewards for all the parties involved. This involves imaginative application of the principle of benefit sharing and the expansion of water markets to cover the entire river basin.