渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集带高勘探程度区进一步挖潜的领域

渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集区经过了40年的勘探,目前已进入了高勘探程度区.油气聚集的复杂规律表明,渤海湾盆地仍具有巨大的资源潜力,进一步挖潜的领域非常广阔.以第三系为烃源岩的含油气层系的勘探精度仍有待于进一步提高,同时必须将以古生界、中生界和中上元古界为烃源岩的含油气层系作为今后挖潜的重要领域.渤海湾盆地任何层系都可能形成和聚集油气,因此仍有多种复杂的油气藏类型尚待进一步认识和发现.     

Temporal dynamics and drivers of lake ecosystem metabolism using high resolution observations in a shallow,tropical, eutrophic lake (Laguna Lake,Philippines)

The physical, chemical, and biological dynamics under changing atmospheric conditions of Laguna Lake, Philippines were analyzed from intensive observations. Diel measurements were conducted for 48 continuous hours for both dry and wet tropical seasons in addition to fine resolution long-term monitoring. Results revealed significant vertical and diel variations of lake variables in spite of a shallow water depth (2.5 m) caused by the intense surface heating from solar irradiance (~800 W m^?2) and accentuated by the lake's high turbidity (16–32 ftu). Late afternoon land-lake breeze (~5–7 m s^?1) regularly breaks daytime thermal stratification, and convective cooling at night maintains isothermal condition until dawn of the next day. The stratified condition demonstrated a wind-driven, density-induced 2-layer current pattern with a windward moving epilimnion (~4 folds faster) and a compensating hypolimnetic flow in the general lake circulation direction. Laguna Lake was observed to have a dominating diel cycle but also undergoes significant seasonal limnological variations brought primarily by climate, hydrology, and its interaction with the adjacent sea. Significantly correlated variations of pH, chlorophyll-a and DO in the dry season were indicative of the higher biological activity associated with the intrusion of polluted waters from Metro Manila. The non-occurrence of thermal over-turn was observed to be regularly followed by bottom hypoxic conditions (2–4 mg L^?1), indicative of the eutrophic condition of the lake and the importance of diel wind-induced mixing in the bottom supply of DO. Laguna Lake was found to be predominantly net heterotrophic (GPP:R < 1, NEP < 0).     

伊宁地块构造单元划分之新见

伊宁地块是西天山造山带的重要组成部分,其上广泛出露晚古生代火山岩浆岩和沉积建造,对剖析该地块的形成演化具有重要意义。伊宁地块以中部近EW向展布的乌孙山—塔勒得断裂为界可划分为南、北两大构造带,两者在基底建造、岩浆岩的组成与时代及其地球化学特征、盆地形成和构造演化等方面均呈现显著不同。其中,南构造带由晚泥盆世—早石炭世早期大哈拉—喀勒峻岛弧带和阿腾套弧后伸展盆地构成,推测海沟位于岛弧带之南(那拉提南缘断裂附近); 北构造带由早石炭世中晚期阿吾拉勒叠加岛弧带、特克斯—新源弧前盆地和清水河—苏布台弧后盆地-扇三角洲构成。在重新梳理并详细总结伊宁地块的最新划分依据及方案基础上,首次提出伊宁地块形成与演化的南、北构造带两拼接和演化三阶段新认识:①晚泥盆世—早石炭世早期,南构造带初始弧-盆构造体系形成; ②早石炭世中晚期,北构造带的沟-弧-盆构造体系形成并增生; ③早—晚石炭世,初始的南构造带与增生的北构造带拼贴缝合,完成地块拼贴与增生,最终形成统一的伊宁地块。     

杭州湾跨海大桥钢管桩的涂层防护

杭州湾跨海大桥采用钢管桩沉桩基础。钢管桩的腐蚀问题采用涂层加阴极保护的防护体系,其中涂层部分采用单层/双层/三层重防腐环氧粉末喷涂防护方案解决。介绍了三种涂层结构及其用途。     

高地温条件下深埋隧洞围岩温度—应力分析及施工对策

以位于西昆仑山区的齐热哈塔尔水电站引水发电隧洞高地温洞段为例,初步分析了工程区隧洞高地温洞段大地热流背景及其形成机理,针对隧洞围岩的高地温分布特征,建立典型高地温洞段地质模型,利用有限元软件模拟隧洞施工贯通通水后的围岩岩体温度场,并由此来推断热应力对于围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明,围岩温度90℃以上、空气温度50℃以上的高地温洞段,内外温差大于10℃(里低外高),若采用无衬砌和一次支护方案对高地温洞段围岩进行支护,该洞段内大部分区域的最大主拉应力将超过C25混凝土的抗拉强度,易产生整体拉裂破坏;若采用钢筋混凝土衬砌结构方案,则可以通过增加衬砌结构的配筋量来降低其最大主应力值,此时隧洞围岩及衬砌结构均未出现整体拉裂破坏。研究成果能够为保证该高地温隧洞的安全运行提供可靠的设计依据。     

Phosphorus seed coating increases phosphorus uptake,early growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown on an acid sandy soil in Niger,West Africa

In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed^–1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed^–1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed^–1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet.     

Spatial ecology of Bay of Quinte walleye (Sander vitreus): Annual timing,extent, and patterns of migrations in eastern Lake Ontario

Walleye (Sander vitreus) are the top nearshore predator in the Bay of Quinte and eastern Lake Ontario, where they have strong ecological and socio-economic impacts. The population is known to migrate seasonally; however, the precise timing and extent are not well defined. This study used acoustic telemetry to provide a fisheries-independent measure of timing, extent, and seasonal distribution of migration in Lake Ontario and to examine the influence of sex, spawning river, size, and year. Annual detection histories were used to determine the timing of migrations into and out of the spawning rivers, departure from the Bay of Quinte post-spawn, and the pre-spawn return to the Bay of Quinte. Sequence analysis was subsequently used to examine how fish occupy defined regions of eastern Lake Ontario annually and identify patterns in migration strategy. Spawning site fidelity was high for both rivers (91–97%) and annual residency within the Bay of Quinte was low (9.5%). Females spent less time in spawning rivers, migrated to the main lake earlier, and generally travelled further than males. Larger fish also migrated to the main lake first and travelled further, and differences in timing between spawning rivers were minor. Annual differences in timing were observed and were most likely related to environmental differences between years. Cluster analysis was used to identify groups of fish which utilized unique annual migration strategies and demonstrated sex and size had an important influence on the variability in annual spatial occupancy, but the importance of spawning river and year was minimal.     

台州湾近海海域波浪要素特征分析

波浪要素的观测及分析对港口码头设计、航道建设、围垦工程等都尤为重要。为研究台州东部新区临时航道疏浚工程对周边涉水工程的影响,采用SZF型波浪浮标,在工程海域进行为期一年的波浪观测,并对实测的波浪要素进行统计分析。结果表明:台州湾全年以东北向波浪居多,东向浪最大,可高达5 m。波高主要集中在0.5 m~1.0 m范围,波周期集中在3.0 s~4.0 s范围。春季浪向分散,夏季浪向集中在S向,秋冬季浪向相似,N为主波向。受台风影响,夏秋季有大浪出现。     

新疆加甫沙尔苏地区中酸性小岩体型矿化蚀变遥感异常提取与找矿

中酸性小岩体的内部及附近的围岩中常形成与岩浆岩体有关的大型、超大型矿床,已成为找矿工作的一个重点方向。由于地质工作程度的限制,中酸性小岩体易被遗漏,严重制约了该类型矿化的发现。在新疆西准噶尔达尔布特断裂带下盘加甫沙尔苏地区找矿工作中,通过综合分析,提出了以遥感手段为主导的中酸性小岩体型矿化找矿模型:利用ASTER数据,通过图像增强处理、图像解译识别中酸性小岩体并提取蚀变遥感异常,结合地质、化探信息综合分析后确定重点检查区域。野外检查发现了加甫沙尔苏斑岩型钼矿化点,证实了该方法的有效性。该方法可以为西部地区中酸性小岩体型矿产资源勘查提供借鉴。     

模糊C-均值聚类分析研究大亚湾水质空间分布规律

模糊C-均值聚类方法研究人类活动影响下大亚湾海域水体生态环境空间分布规律．揭示大亚湾水体生态环境空间分布分成两类区域：其一为受人类活动影响为主的大鹏澳、澳头以及大亚湾东北部区域;其二为受湾外南海海水交换影响较大的大亚湾南部、中部和东部海域。模糊C-均值聚类分析作为一种数据信息提取方法,为海洋环境生态研究提供新的方法。