Prediction of High-Temperature Long-Term Strength for Damaged Structures

A method is proposed for analytical estimation of the high-temperature long-term strength of structures with material discontinuities, which are stress raisers. We consider the processes involving the formation of diffusion pores. Diffusion processes in metals are strongly enhanced with increasing temperature and stresses.     

Effect of rare-earth doping on the electrical and photoelectrical properties of furazano [ 3,4-b] piperazine (FP) thin-film devices

Schottky diodes of rare-earth, praseodymium (Pr)-doped and samarium (Sm)-doped furazano [3,4-b] piperazine (FP), sandwiched between Al and indium-tin oxide (ITO) were made by a spin-coating technique. The diodes, in which doped FP behaves as a p-type organic semiconductor, exhibit rectification behaviour. The p-type semiconductivity and rectification properties of the devices improve with rare-earth doping. The electrical effects observed in these devices are explained in terms of the p-type semiconducting behaviour of the doped FP thin films and the formation of a blocking contact (Schottky barrier) with the Al electrode and ohmic contact with the ITO electrode. Various electrical parameters such as carrier mobility, position of Fermi level, free carrier concentration, trap density, trap level and conductivity of doped FP are calculated and discussed. It is found that the position of the Fermi level shifts toward the valence band on rare-earth doping; concentration of free carriers and carrier mobility increase on doping. From the capacitance-voltage (C-V measurements, various electrical parameters such as barrier height, density of ionized acceptor atoms and depletion layer width are calculated and discussed. From the action spectra and absorption spectra it is confirmed that the Al-doped FP interface forms a Schottky barrier and the ITO-doped FP interface shows ohmic contact. The photovoltaic measurement on the two devices reveals that the short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and power conversion efficiency increase on rare-earth doping.     

双子表面活性剂(C12-2-12.2Br-1)表面活性与驱油效率研究

用滴体积法测定了几种双子表面活性剂和对应常规单链表面活性剂的表面张力-浓度曲线,确定了各自的临界胶束浓度,筛选出高效驱油用表面活性剂—C12-2-12. 2Br^-1;并在不同条件下对其进行了室内模拟驱油评价实验。表面张力测试表明,双子表面活性剂—C12-2-12. 2Br^-1的临界胶束浓度仅为547mg/L,对应表面张力为30.72mN/m,较对应单链表面活性剂DTAB具有更优的表面活性。驱油实验表明C12-2-12. 2Br^-1的驱油效率与浓度呈同向变化关系,其浓度为500mg/L即可提高采收率6.45%,其效果明显优于常规单链表面活性剂-DTAB;该剂更适合于中、低渗油藏水驱采收率的提高。     

OFA-II型定量荧光仪在油气勘探中的应用

定量荧光仪在现场应用中受到各种因素的影响:如岩屑样品浸泡时的干、湿;图谱是否出现了淬灭;环境温度的影响等等。文章通过具体事例给出解决这些问题的办法。     

川中丘陵区一种新型小流域径流输沙模型的建立与应用

径流输沙模型对定量评价水沙的输出响应具有重要的意义。本研究在已有研究成果的基础上，通过对四川盐亭县林山西沟小流域的径流、泥沙进行现场观测与分析，提出含沙量单位线的定义及其确定方法，建立了适应该小流域的径流输沙模型。并应用实测资料进行比较，表明模型的模拟结果可靠，模拟过程确定性系数达0．8以上，为川中丘陵区小流域径流输沙过程的预测预报提供了一个新方法。     

四角切圆燃烧锅炉低负荷燃用贫瘦煤的运行措施

针对淮北国安电力有限公司1号、2号炉燃用高灰分、低热值贫瘦煤出现的燃烧不良问题,从改善炉内空气动力场、提高炉内温度及煤粉浓度、改进配风方式等方面提出了相应的运行措施。实施后,基本避免了因燃煤质量差而灭火事故,效果良好。     

Internal-corrosion inhibitors for pipelines in heat-supply systems carrying water with a high oxygen content

The reliability of heat-supply systems is determined primarily by internal corrosion of the pipelines. The concentration of oxygen in the water exerts a major influence on the corrosion. In systems with a standard oxygen content, OéDF-Zn is a highly effective corrosion inhibitor. However, there are systems in which the quality of deaeration of the make-up water of the heat-supply system is low (or deaeration is nonexistent), and the concentration of oxygen is considerably above the standard value. Classed among these systems, for example, are the HWS systems, which are incorporated into closed heat-supply systems. The oxygen concentration in these systems is analyzed to assess the situation. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, June 2007, pp. 35–39.     

波流环境中污染物混合的分析

本文根据垂向二维数值模型计算求解和分析了波流环境中的一维对流扩散方程中的混合系数。此二维数值模型采用非线性k-ε紊流模型封闭雷诺时均方程，应用VOF方法处理自由面。分析方法是用该二维模型计算波流环境中污染物瞬时源产生的浓度场，计算该浓度场的断面平均浓度，求此断面平均浓度的概率分布，由概率分布的方差随时间的导数得到一维对流扩散问题中的混合系数。通过算例分析，发现波流环境混合系数随着波浪周期和波 高的不同，可能大于纯流和纯波的混合系数之和，也可能比纯流情况下小；波周期与混合系数呈正比。且存在一个使混合系数最大的波高。     

Cyclamate intake and cyclohexylamine excretion are not related to male fertility in humans

Cyclamate and its metabolite cyclohexylamine affect male fertility in high dose animal studies, but this affect has not been investigated in epidemiological studies. This paper reports the first epidemiological study designed to investigate the possibility of a relationship between cyclamate and cyclohexylamine and male fertility in humans, in which 405 cases of clinically defined infertility in men and 379 controls were surveyed. Semen evaluation, urine analysis for cyclamate and cyclohexylamine and dietary questionnaires were compared between cases and controls. No evidence was found of a significant association between cyclamate intake and male infertility; neither high cyclamate nor high cyclohexylamine excretion were associated with elevated risk. The lack of association remained after adjusting by age, area of residence, education, total energy intake and other variables. No significant correlations were observed between cyclamate intake, metabolism or excretion, and sperm count and motility. The results demonstrate no effect of cyclamate or cyclohexylamine on male fertility at the present levels of cyclamate consumption.     

Optimal control of accelerator concentration for resin transfer molding process

Resin cure following mold filling is an essential element in resin transfer molding. To fabricate a composite part with high dimensional stability and minimize residual stress, uniform resin cure should be achieved. This study considers a three-part resin system composed of epoxy, hardener and accelerator. The cure kinetics can be controlled by the accelerator concentration at the injection gate. A numerical method that can predict degree of cure distribution based on accelerator concentration at the gate was proposed. The degree of cure distribution is obtained by solving the resin flow, heat transfer, accelerator concentration and cure problems sequentially. Utilizing this numerical method, an optimal variation of accelerator concentration during mold filling was sought by solving a constrained optimization problem. The effect of accelerator control on degree of cure distribution was investigated and its validity was examined for two different geometries.