引黄工程国际Ⅰ标新奥法施工爆破对隧洞围岩扰动影响的试验研究

围岩是隧洞最基本的支护结构成分，如何看待围岩、处理围岩是新奥法设计施工全过程中最首要的问题。岩体开挖后引起围岩承载力下降，其主要原因就是爆破的影响。为保护岩体天然承载力，减轻和消除因爆破给围岩带来的损伤，引黄国际Ⅰ标地下工程爆破参数优化试验与分析，提出了优化的隧洞光面爆破与松动爆破参数及在施工中应注意的有关问题，以保证围岩开挖后轮廓面光滑平整，并且最大限度地保护围岩少受扰动，致使新奥法施工顺利进行。并通过爆破振动的观测与分析，得出了只要按优化爆破参数开挖施工，并把最大单响药量控制在３０ｋｇ左右，爆破振动就不会对本洞１０ｍ以远以及距２０ｍ的相邻隧洞的围岩产生任何危害影响。     

Confidence Intervals and Tests for Two Exponential Scale Parameters Based On Order Statistics in Compressed Samples

We construct confidence intervals for the ratio of two exponential scale parameters and present a test of hypothesis concerning these parameters. The procedures are based on the selection of subsets of two independent ordered samples from exponential populations. The discussion centers around the distribution of the ratio of the BLUE's (the ABLE's in large samples) of these parameters, and a simple approximation to that distribution. Optimal selection of the data is discussed. In an example, the power function of the proposed test is compared with the power function of the same test based on complete samples.     

Classical and Inverse Regression Methods of Calibration

The Classical and Inverse least squares methods of linear calibration are compared by Monte Carlo methods. The Inverse approach is found to be superior to the Classical approach from a mean squared error point of view.     

Design Recommendations for a FRP Bridge Deck Supported on Steel Superstructure

No appropriate provisions from either AASHTO Standard (2002) or AASHTO LRFD (2004) bridge design specifications are available for the design of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-deck-on-steel-superstructure bridges. In this research, a parametric study using the finite-element method (FEM) is conducted to examine two design issues concerning the design of FRP-deck-on-steel-superstructure bridges, namely deck relative deflection and load distribution factor (LDF). Results show that the strip method specified in AASHTO LRFD specification as an approximate method of analysis, can also be applied to FRP decks as a practical method. However, different strip width equations have to be determined by either FEM or experimental methods for different types of FRP decks. In this study, one such equation has been derived for the Strongwell deck. In addition, both FEM results and experimental measurements show that the AASHTO LDF equations for glued laminated timber decks on steel stringers provide good estimations of LDF for FRP-deck-on-steel-superstructure bridges. Finally, it is found that the lever rule can be used as an appropriately conservative design method to predict the LDF of FRP-deck-on-steel-superstructure bridges.     

Determination of Physical Parameters of Stiffened Plates using Genetic Algorithm

An investigation on stiffened isotropic and composite plates has been conducted to determine the geometric and material parameters for the plate, as well as the stiffener from experimental modal data and finite element predictions using a genetic algorithm (GA). The problem is formulated as a global minimization of the error function defined by the difference in undamped eigenvalues and eigenvectors, as predicted from the finite-element modeling to that obtained experimentally. The parameter estimation problem is solved using a GA implementing selection, crossover, and mutation operators to obtain the global minimum solution. Because stiffeners contribute substantially to the overall rigidity of the plate assembly, their position, physical properties, and orientation create considerable variation of the modal properties, as compared to the bare plate with similar construction. This makes each of the stiffened plate identification problems rather unique. GAs have been the subject of considerable interest in providing a robust search procedure for a global optimum solution for such difficult minimization problems. The method is demonstrated on a few simulated examples on stiffened plates to investigate the uniqueness and convergence of results. The methodology, although slow in execution, is found to be very robust, even in the presence of noise, for isolating interesting zones of the search space. Unlike many traditional optimization techniques, it does not get stuck at a particular local minimum due to its parallelism.     

Effect of Biotrickling Filter Operating Parameters on Chlorobenzenes Degradation

In this paper the effect of operating parameters on biotrickling filter performance degrading chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene mixture were studied. The large laboratory scale biofilter, total volume 40 L, filled with inert packing material was used. The biomass adaptation and cultivation were performed in a batch fermentor and were used to inoculate the biotrickling filter. After a starting period, the influence of the substrate load increase, liquid recirculation flow rate, and empty bed retention time on elimination capacity and removal efficiency were found. The most important recirculation liquid parameters were analyzed every day, that is: concentration of metabolites, dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, chloride, and biomass. A good correlation was found between intermediate concentration and the removal efficiency of the biotrickling filter. The measurements of the absorbance, very easy and rapid, can be used as a control parameter of the biofiltration efficiency.     

分形维数与铣削参数的模型关联及验证

基于工程粗糙表面的微观形貌具有统计自相似分形特征,将分形几何学运用于金属材料表面形貌研究。粗糙表面的分形参数与加工条件密切相关。铣削加工过程中,切削参数会影响表面分形维数和表面粗糙度,考察了分形维数和传统表面粗糙度参数之间的关系,分别建立铣削参数与表面分形维数和表面粗糙度之间关系模型,并采用实验进行验证。实验结果表明,铣削加工表面具有分形特征;铣削表面分形维数D基本不随切削速度增加而变化,但表面粗糙度Ra会随切削速度的增加而减小;表面粗糙度与加工进给量成正相关,分形维数先增大后减小,并存在临界点;分形维数D与表面粗糙度Ra呈幂指数关系;所建立模型合理。相关研究结果可以为提高工程表面的使用性能及降低成本提供参考。     

燕尾槽参数的测量

介绍特殊型燕尾槽参数的测量方法,采用双圆球测量燕尾槽参数,尺寸参数计算不含角度参数,有效避免了角度误差的影响;计算公式不含三角函数,简单、便于记忆。     

基于Kriging代理模型的注塑件残余应力优化分析

以注塑成型制品中脱模后的最大Mises-Hencky残余应力为目标函数,运用基于Kriging代理模型及EI加点准则的序列优化方法,对聚碳酸酯材料制品进行了工艺参数(包括熔体温度、模具温度、注射速率、保压压力及保压时间)优化。算例结果表明,所提出方法可以有效地降低注塑件内的最大Mises-Hencky残余应力。在此基础上对充填阶段进行深入分析,用贝塞尔曲线控制方式代替常规的常速率充填控制方式,进一步降低了制件内的残余应力。     

铬微凝胶体系交替注入参数优化

通过室内物理模拟实验,研究了注入方式对采收率的影响。研究表明,从注聚开始到调剖剂注入结束,含水率明显下降,在聚驱阶段采收率提高幅度较大,为7.27个百分点;总的提高幅度为16.36%,最终采收率为65.71%,与前置调剖实验相比,两者的水驱采收率分别为49.35%和50.68%两者相差不大,但是总提高幅度比前置调剖要低0.9个百分点,最终采收率相差2.23个百分点。说明前置调剖更有利于提高采收率。从综合成本及经济效益因素来考虑,最佳注入方式选用前置调剖段塞0.05 PV。最佳候凝时间为7~10 d。