Synthesis and Evaluation of Bis-quaternary-Based Surfactants as Additives for Water-Based Mud

Two series of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[N,N-dimethyl alkyl (octyl or dodecyl)ammonium] dibromide (R-s-R; s = 6, 10, 12 and R = 8 and 12) were prepared and evaluated as additives for water-based mud. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Surface activity of these compounds has been studied and their surface properties including surface tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The results showed that the prepared compounds have significant surface activity, especially those of longer hydrophobic chain length. The prepared cationic gemini surfactants were evaluated as viscosifiers and filter loss additives for water-based mud formulated from local Na-montmorillonite clay. XRD analysis was carried out to the Na-montmorillonite clay to determine the interaction of the surfactants with inter layers of the clay structure. Rheological properties, gel strength, thixotropy, filtration properties and the effect of temperature on rheological properties of the water-based mud were studied. The results indicated that the gemini surfactants have a positive effect on the rheological and filtration properties of the Na-montmorillonite clay according to American Petroleum Institute specifications.     

地浸砂岩型铀矿钻探现状及提高钻探效率的技术措施

近十年来,随着我国地浸砂岩型铀矿钻探工作量稳步增加,以及铀矿新层位、新地区、新类型、新深度找矿思路调整,对地浸砂岩型铀矿钻探工艺及装备提出了新的要求。在分析目前地浸砂岩铀矿钻探施工现状基础上,从工艺技术与装备等方面提出了一系列提高钻探效率的改进措施。主要包括实行地表退心平行作业、采用低固相聚合物泥浆、优化钻头钻具组合、松散地层应用单动双管和大口径绳索取心钻进技术、开展无岩心钻进技术、开发自动化数字化的砂岩铀矿钻探设备,以大力提升行业钻探水平。     

承压水底板关键层失稳的尖点突变模型

根据煤矿长壁工作面的布置以及底板突水的可能性分析，提出了底板关键层的力学模型；在此基础上，应用突变理论的方法，对底板关键层的力学模型进行分析，推导出了关键层系统的总势能函数表达式，建立了底板关键层的尖角（ＣＵＳＰ）型突变模型。根据这一模型分析了承压水底板关键层失稳的力学机制，得到的结论符合实际情况，为研究煤矿底板突水机制引入了一种新的理论分析方法。     

大采高采场覆岩结构特征及运动规律研究

运用关键层理论研究了采场覆岩结构特征及运动规律．结果表明：垮落带及断裂带高度与覆岩关键层的分布特征密切相关，大采高的垮落带及断裂带高度大于相同煤厚分层开采相应的高度，且随采高增大呈台阶状上升，此研究是大采高条件下采场矿压控制、地表塌陷评价的基础。     

基于岩层移动的"煤与煤层气共采"技术研究

研究了岩层移动对煤层气卸压运移的影响，结果证明，覆岩关键层的破断运动对邻近层煤层气涌出的动态过程起控制作用；覆岩主关键层位置将决定下保护层可能的最大卸压高度。     

圆竖井地质素描展开图制作的简便方法

从几何分析出发，结合实例介绍了制作圆竖井素描展开图的简单方法，其精度可达地质要求。     

矿井隔水关键层机理与防治水技术

为了提高矿井防治水技术的水平,介绍了隔水关键层的概念、模式、分类、影响因素、隔水关键层机理,针对水害中最常见的两种奥灰水害和采空区水害进行了相关防水技术的讨论。最后,就采煤行业的流程＂巷道掘进阶段-工作面回采前-工作面回采过程＂整体上论述了如何根据隔水层机理应用防治水技术。     

季铵化改性氨基聚硅氧烷的合成及应用性能

采用氯乙酸乙酯对N,N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(ASO-121)进行季铵化改性,合成了一种季铵化改性氨基聚硅氧烷(QASO-121)。利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、纳米粒度仪等仪器对QASO-121及其乳液进行了表征和纤维表面的成膜性分析,并讨论了氨值、黏度及硅乳用量对所整理织物应用性能的影响。结果表明,QASO-121乳液平均粒径为75.3 nm,电位为+21.2mV,且其在织物纤维表面具有良好的成膜性。经氨值为0.6 mmol/g、黏度为2.600 Pa·s、硅乳用量为4 g/L的QASO-121整理的布样,织物柔软性提高,亲水性增强,白度基本不变。将QASO-121与未季铵化ASO-121进行应用性能对比,发现两者整理织物的柔软性相近,但经QASO-121所整理织物具有良好的亲水性且富有弹性,其抗黄变性能也得到了改善。     

顺发井田综合勘查施工中煤岩层对比

采用地震与钻探综合地质剖面定构造形态、测井曲线组合特征定层位;钻探岩性及标志层特征定深度,用这种综合岩煤层对比方法指导勘查施工行之有效。     

Methodology to improve epidermal barrier homeostasis: How to accelerate the barrier recovery?

Good water-impermeable barrier function is vital for healthy skin. Abnormality of the barrier function is observed in a variety of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and contact dermatitis. Moreover, repeated barrier disruption induces epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. On the other hand, acceleration of the barrier recovery prevents epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption in a dry environment. Thus, methods to improve the barrier function are very important for clinical dermatology. Recently, we have been searching for new reagents and/or new materials to improve barrier homeostasis. In this review, I will describe our recent findings and show how they provide the basis for a new perspective for clinical dermatology.