八面河油田北区、广北区古近系沙三段沉积微相研究

以取心井岩心分析资料为基础,结合测井相分析,对八面河油田北区、广北区沙三段的沉积微相特征及沉积模式进行详细研究.研究表明,沙三段以曲流河三角洲沉积为主,沉积物粒度细,以细砂岩、粉砂岩为主,垂向层序总体表现为向上变粗的反旋回层序.沙三段主要发育三角洲前缘亚相,包括水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、席状砂、支流间湾等微相类型.     

用离子注入在GaAs中形成高浓度超薄有源层

高浓度浅结是高速砷化镓MESFET的重要技术.我们采用透过氮化硅薄膜进行Si离子注入的方法研制了载流子浓度大于10~(15)cm~(-3)的薄形有源层(<1000A).试验结果表明,氮化硅膜的厚度基本等于载流子浓度峰值位置向衬底表面移动的距离;高剂量(>10~(15)cm~(-2)),低能量,(<80keV)和较厚的氮化硅可以制得符合要求的薄形有源层.     

Introduction and Spread of the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus) in Lakes Huron and Michigan

The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) was not known to occur in the Great Lakes above Niagara Falls until 1980, when it was collected in South Bay, Manitoulin Island, in the Lake Huron basin. By 1984 this species had been found in tributaries of Lakes Huron and Michigan, and in the open waters of both lakes. All specimens identified were the completely plated morph that is most prevalent in fresh water along the east coast of North America. The status of this species in Lakes Huron and Michigan appears to be “Possibly Established.” If threespine stickleback increase in abundance they may eventually provide additional forage for large salmonids.     

Electrical characterization and modelling of high energy pre-amorphized PN silicon junctions

Shallow P⁺N junctions were obtained using germanium pre-amorphization step to reduce the high diffusivity of boron implanted in silicon. The germanium implantation step was performed under different conditions of temperature: ambient temperature and nitrogen temperature. P-type doping was obtained by boron implantation at relatively low energy. To characterize and simulate the electrical behaviour of such samples, steady state current-voltage measurements have been performed at different temperatures varying between 172 and 294 K. The results show a close dependence between the current-voltage characteristics of the samples and their technological parameters of manufacturing. The pre-amorphization step at ambient temperature seems to improve the electrical behaviour of the junction. To simulate the electrical characteristics of the studied samples, a reliable model has been developed based on the classical Spice formulas and taking into account additional phenomena. The simulated curves satisfactorily fit the experimental results for all the samples.     

泌阳凹陷湖相白云岩油气储集性能及勘探潜力

泌阳凹陷白云岩发育于深凹区核二段及核三段上亚段，形成于浅湖相和较深湖相环境，岩石类型泥质白云岩，铁白云岩为主，成岩过程中发生了压实，溶解，充填及居岩破裂等作用。形成了以溶蚀孔洞为主的储集空间，与多种类型的裂缝相配置，构成互为连通的孔洞缝网络体系，形白云岩油气藏的主要储集层，白云岩沉积规模较大，且油源丰富，具有较大的勘探潜力。     

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气田开发生产后期，不可逆转的天然气产能递减和后备资源不足是众多老气田所面临的不利局面，用土酸酸化工艺技术改造大塔场构造伯罗系沙溪庙砂岩储层是为扭转这种不利局面的又一次尝试。     

Bacterioplankton production in a water column of Lake Biwa

Seasonal production of bacterioplankton in a water column of Lake Biwa was examined based on cell‐specific growth rates at above (surface layer) and below the thermocline (deep layer). The growth rates were estimated by incubating bacterioplankton in situ with a dilution technique. The rates ranged from 0.05 per day in winter to 0.89 per day in summer, generally with much higher rates in the surface layer than in the deep layer. In an entire water column, bacterial production (in terms of carbon [C]) ranged from 0.217 to 0.811 gC/m² per day with a mean of 0.451 gC/m² per day, which, on average corresponded to 43% of primary production. However, no significant correlation was detected between bacterial production and primary production rates. Although the bacterial production rate correlated positively to water temperature, surface and deep layer rates were comparative for some dates because the deep layer shared a large fraction of the water column. These results suggest that, although specific bacterial activity was low in the deep layer due to the low temperature, bacteria in that layer play substantial roles in consumption of organic matter and material flows in Lake Biwa.     

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江苏地区第四系浅层天然气显示十分广泛，大致可分为三个含气带：南京—上海沿江含气带，盐城—海安滨海含气带和淮阴—滨海古黄河含气带。在垂向上主要分布于第四系上更新统和全新统。通过近年来对该区浅层天然气的勘探与研究，认为浅层天然气来自第四系全新统的海相淤泥、粘土层，它们具有有机质丰度高、成气母质好的特征，形成途径以ＣＯ２还原而产生大量的生物甲烷气，因此这一浅层天然气实质上属于生物气。根据研究，预测江苏地区第四系浅层天然气的资源量为１０３．８１×１０８ｍ３，其中南京—上海沿江地区可达６９．３８×１０８ｍ３，因而该区是江苏地区第四系浅层天然气勘探的有利地区     

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通过回顾吉林松南地区浅层低压油气层油气井完井现状，运用模糊数学理论建立了模糊综合评判系统，对该地区完井方式进行优选，并对完井技术方案作了研究和提出了建议，为该地区浅层油气开发和国内浅层气勘探与开发起到了积极作用。     

Lake management in Italy: the implications of the Water Framework Directive

This paper constitutes the first consideration of the implications of the lake management in Italy arising from the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), in comparison to the provisions of existing national legislation. As a matter of fact, the Italian decrees anticipated the principles of the WFD and have substantially modified the legislation in the field of water in Italy. Important changes were introduced, both in the monitoring systems and in the classification methods for surface waters. The environmental quality status will be determined not only by monitoring the aqueous matrix, but also the sediment and the biota. The new WFD is the major piece of European Union (EU) legislation with environment at its core; it will guide the efforts for attaining a sustainable aquatic environment in the years to come. In the WFD one can see elements from all the different forces that guided the reform of EU water policy: environmental protection, deregulation and subsidiarity. Moreover, elements of the economic instruments approach (introduction of the cost recovery principle), quantitative concerns (setting of minimum flow objectives for rivers and abstraction limits for ground waters) and the quest for integration (river basin management with representation of all stakeholders) are all reflected in the WFD. The paper summarizes the present condition of the most important lakes in the Italian lake district and also highlights the case of Lake Varese, representing a unique case of lake management in Italy. Preliminary results show that there are very few examples dealing with the elements thought appropriate to lake water assessment as required by the WFD. The application of the objectives of the type specified is a largely unknown issue.