Comparative study of EICP treatment methods on the mechanical properties of sandy soil

This study analyzed the effect of different treatment methods in enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) on the mechanical properties of soil. Soybean crude urease was used to catalyze the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). A multiple-phase method was proposed and further compared with commonly practiced EICP treatment methods (including the one-phase method, two-phase method, and premix-and-compact method) from the aspects of chemical conversion efficiency, CaCO₃ precipitation distribution, permeability, and unconfined compressive strength. Based on the findings, the characteristics of each method were further discussed and summarized. Although the enzymatic CaCO₃ precipitation generated from all the treatment methods could potentiate the soil strength to a great or less degree, using the proposed multiple-phase method could bring about a high chemical conversion efficiency, uniform distribution of CaCO₃ as well as preferable permeability retention. In addition, the multiple-phase method could significantly improve the efficiency of urease usage.     

某河床式水电站溢流坝裂缝分析处理

混凝土坝裂缝的预防和控制是混凝土坝工程设计和施工的重点研究课题,每个工程混凝土裂缝发生的部位和数量各不相同,裂缝的成因也不尽相同,只有分析清楚裂缝的成因和危害才能采取相应的措施进行预防和解决.本文对某河床式水电站溢流坝闸墩和堰面裂缝的成因和危害进行了详细的分析,针对性地提出了裂缝处理方案和后续预防措施.电站溢流坝闸墩及堰面裂缝经处理后已有裂缝已封闭,后续混凝土浇筑未见新的裂缝产生,目前工程已安全运行十多年.     

Optimization of Mixing and Mass Transfer in In-line Multi-Jet Ozone Contactors Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Typical ozone mixing and mass transfer calculations are lumped approaches based on ideal operating conditions and can misrepresent behavior in real-life installations. This article models the effect of local hydrodynamics and mixing on the overall mass transfer of ozone into water with the aid of multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD models were validated with measured data from a pipeline ozone contactor installation which was optimized for more rapid, uniform mixing and mass transfer. Results emphasize the sensitivity of mixing quality to nozzle placement, size, orientation and spacing relative to main pipeline diameter and flows.     

Brick and mortar treatment by cream emulsion for improved water repellence and thermal insulation

A novel polymer cream was applied to brick and mortar in an attempt to reduce water absorption and to improve thermal insulation for household heating energy saving. Tests were carried out on surface energy, water contact angle, thermal conductivity and sorptivity of brick and mortar with and without cream treatment. A model house was built and a heating and monitoring system was developed to quantitatively evaluate the heating energy consumption in different conditions before and after cream treatment. It was found out that cream treatment can successfully impart good water repellence and enhanced the thermal insulation of the brick and mortar. The results from contact angle and surface energy measurements showed that the materials became highly hydrophobic. Experimental results from the model house showed approximately 9% heating energy consumption reduction in dry conditions and approximately 50% in wet conditions. In addition, the internal humidity typically was reduced to almost 1/3 of that of the control. It has been demonstrated that the novel cream treatment on masonry buildings can help reduce damp problems and save household heating energy consumption which can make a significant contribution to addressing social, environmental, ecological and economic problems resulting from climate change and global warming.     

熔体过热处理对亚共晶Al-10Mg2Si合金磨损性能的影响

对亚共晶Al-10Mg2Si合金进行熔体过热处理,通过削-盘式摩擦磨损试验研究了显微组织对亚共晶Al-10Mg2Si合金磨损性能的影响。结果表明,熔体过热处理后,初生α-Al相转变为近球状等轴晶,Mg2Si相呈纤维状和短杆状均匀分布,且其二次枝晶间距降低了58%,硬度提高了13.5%,同时其磨损速率降低了16.49%。磨屑由合金未经熔体过热处理的推碾薄片状与卷曲状转变为小块粉末状,剥落区面积减小,剥落坑、犁沟和挤压沟槽均变浅。磨损机制由粘着磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损共存转化为以剥层磨损为主,粘着磨损与部分氧化磨损共存的形式,说明熔体过热处理改善了合金的磨损性能。     

The 2013 reforms of the Flemish renewable electricity support: Missed opportunities

The Flemish renewable electricity support system has struggled to address a number of problematic issues in the past. These included excessive profit margins and general malfunctioning of the green certificate market, as well as a lack of qualification of various existing renewable energy technologies. The Flemish government responded to these issues by introducing major reforms in 2013, including “banding” to differentiate the support for various technologies. However, reliable methods for differentiating renewable electricity technologies and calculating support levels have not been sufficiently developed. The main objective of the 2013 reforms was to reduce support costs, but application of German feed-in tariffs on 18 reference technologies has shown that most projects in Flanders continue to receive high levels of support. The 2013 reforms did not succeed in addressing malfunctioning of the green certificate market. On the contrary, the confidence of investors in renewable electricity plants has decreased as the terms of support can be altered retroactively by adjusting remuneration levels and through political interventions. Future adaptations are likely to be made which will further decrease the overall stability and effectiveness of the system.     

微生物—土壤联合处理废弃钻井液渣泥技术

针对废弃钻井液渣泥的性质和目前固化处理工艺的弊端,研发了利用微生物—土壤联合处理工艺技术,即根据废弃物干湿程度,按0.3%~0.5%降解菌菌剂与废弃钻井液渣泥充分混合、再加经研磨较细的1.5~2.0倍重量的土壤充分混合均匀,在混合处理物表面覆盖5~15 cm厚的土壤,最后播撒草种、栽种植物。该工艺在丹浅001-8井和莲花000-X8等井现场试验应用结果表明,经3个月的处理,钻井固体废弃物中的主要指标COD、石油类的降解率超过90%,浸出液指标达到国家《污水综合排放标准》一级指标要求;土壤重金属离子浓度没有显著变化,各指标均达到了国家《土壤环境质量标准》(旱地)三级标准;处理混合物所栽种物无有害重金属转移现象。该处理技术不需要添加其他化学处理添加剂,联合处理体系的土壤性质可基本恢复到土壤本底值水平,有效地实现了井场废弃物占用土地的生态修复和再利用,土地资源得到循环利用,符合国家节能环保政策,可实现较好经济、社会和环境效益,是一种符合节能和环境友好的处理方式。     

Water pricing in Ireland: a techno-economic and political assessment

Ireland is one of a very small number of countries in the world which does not charge for domestic drinking water supply. Recent developments have indicated that the reintroduction of domestic charges in Ireland is being planned. Ireland has a daily average water usage per person of around 150 litres and an increasing demand for clean water reserves and talks of imminent water metering and charges. This paper investigates the current status of water resources and water supply in Ireland, and assesses the technical, economic and political challenges involved with the reintroduction of domestic water charges accompanied by the implementation of a domestic metering programme. The study highlights the need for a system of water charging and metering in Ireland to ensure more careful management of water resources, to promote more sustainable use of water, and to provide a more stable revenue stream for local authorities.     

潘多拉魔盒都柏林财政部办公楼设计及改建

文章介绍了都柏林格拉夫顿事务所设计的爱尔兰财政部办公楼.设计从城市的角度出发,注重呼应历史遗存和延续建筑传统,同时采用有效的建筑设计策略赋予室内交通和使用空间以新的意义,并给予周围环境积极有效的界面设计.设计创造了一个崭新的政府办公建筑,在延续传统、呼应城市文脉的同时,塑造了办公楼亲切开放民主的建筑形象.     

用赤铁矿制备聚硅酸铁絮凝剂及应用研究

采用酸浸-催化氧化-水解-聚合工艺，进行了以低品位赤铁矿、废硫酸和硅酸钠为原料制备聚硅酸铁（PSF）絮凝剂的试验研究，结果表明，适宜的工艺条件为硫酸浓度5～6 mol/L，液固比4∶1，酸浸温度90 ℃，酸浸时间2～3 h，氧流量40 cm³/（min·L），Fe/Si摩尔比=2，硅酸活化pH值=3，硅酸活化时间25 min，陈化时间2 h。用所制备的PSF处理印染废水，并与聚合硫酸铁（PFS）和聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行比较，结果表明，在90 mg/L用量下，PSF可使废水中浊度、色度、SS和COD_Cr的去除率分别达到91.5%、87.8%、92.2%和78.5%，比相同用量下的PFS和PAC均分别高出10、24、14、18个百分点以上。