A new verification technique for large processes based on identification of relevant tasks

Verification recently has become a challenging topic for business process languages. Verification techniques like model checking allow to ensure that a process complies with domain-specific requirements, prior to the execution. To execute full-state verification techniques like model checking, the state space of the process needs to be constructed. This tends to increase exponentially with the size of the process schema, or it can even be infinite. We address this issue by means of requirements-specific reduction techniques, i.e., reducing the size of the state space without changing the result of the verification. We present an approach that, for a given requirement the system must fulfill, identifies the tasks relevant for the verification. Our approach then uses these relevant tasks for a reduction that confines the process to regions of interest for the verification. To evaluate our new technique, we use real-world industrial processes and requirements. Mainly because these processes make heavy use of parallelization, full-state-search verification algorithms are not able to verify them. With our reduction in turn, even complex processes with many parallel branches can be verified in less than 10 s.     

浅析IDC基础设施第三方验证测试

在互联网数据中心（IDC）交付使用前,对IDC的基础设施运行环境质量开展全面的第三方验证测试,通过多层级测试、模拟多种场景、模拟故障来发现系统可能存在的问题,并针对薄弱环节进行整改,可有效减少实际运行的故障隐患,提高系统可靠性,保证项目前期投资。对IDC第三方验证测试的主要内容、步骤、方案进行了较为详细的介绍,并罗列了验证测试中出现的常见问题和整改建议。     

某柴油机过热故障分析

某水冷柴油机在进行耐久性考核试验过程中,出现曲轴箱废气压力突然升高,排温升高的故障现象。经拆检分析确定了该故障产生的原因是整机过热造成的。为了分析整机过热原因,建立了相应的故障树,通过逐条排查分析,找出了故障发生的根本原因是:由于冷却系统膨胀水箱蒸汽阀密封不严,造成闭式冷却循环系统失效,冷却液汽化,循环系统产生气阻,并最终导致水泵供水量不足,引发柴油机过热故障。故障排除后,整机重新进入考核试验,并顺利通过了耐久性考核,验证了故障定位合理性和所采取措施的可行性。     

Towards Test Purpose Generation from CTL Properties for Reactive Systems

This paper presents an approach for the generation of test purposes in the form of labelled transition systems from specifications of properties in CTL. The approach is aimed at adapting the model checking process, by extending search algorithms to perform further analysis so that examples and counter-examples can be extracted. An algorithm for the generation of test purposes through analysis over the examples and counter-examples is presented, along with a case study to show the correspondence between the CTL properties and the generated test purposes.     

Estimators of sensitivity and specificity in the presence of verification bias: A Bayesian approach

Verification bias can occur if some of the patients with test results are not selected to receive the gold standard procedure. Unverified cases frequently are not suggestive to be positives. Consequently, the set of verified cases overestimates the number of true positives and underestimates the number of true negatives. The sensitivity and specificity estimates based only on the patients with verified disease are often biased. In this article we derive estimators for sensitivity and specificity not subject to verification bias using a Bayesian approach. Marginal posterior densities of all parameters are estimated using the Gibbs sampler algorithm. An application to the study of accuracy of Hybrid Capture II in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 illustrates the proposed methodology.     

A survey of recent advances in SAT-based formal verification

Dramatic improvements in SAT solver technology over the last decade and the growing need for more efficient and scalable verification solutions have fueled research in verification methods based on SAT solvers. This paper presents a survey of the latest developments in SAT-based formal verification, including incomplete methods such as bounded model checking and complete methods for model checking. We focus on how the surveyed techniques formulate the verification problem as a SAT problem and how they exploit crucial aspects of a SAT solver, such as application-specific heuristics and conflict-driven learning. Finally, we summarize the noteworthy achievements in this area so far and note the major challenges in making this technology more pervasive in industrial design verification flows.     

从示值超差谈水泥压力试验机的设计/检定及修理

从水泥压力试验机检验水泥的几个实例，展现了由于水泥压力试验机的示值超差而造成的危害以及现场如何排除这些示值超差的方法；并从水泥检验的特殊性以及笔者在长期实际工作中的经验，介绍了水泥压力试验机示值超差的几种主要表现形式、示值误差图线，分析了产生示值超差的原因。进而指出了在设计时应如何避免产生示值超差、在检定及修理时应如何发现示值超差及排除示值超差的问题。     

Abstractions of data types

The use of abstraction in the context of abstract data types, is investigated. Properties to be checked are formulas in a first order logic under Kleene's 3-valued interpretation. Abstractions are defined as pairs consisting of a congruence and a predicate interpretation. Three types of abstractions are considered,∀∀, ∀∃ and ∃^0,1∀, and for each of them corresponding property preservation results are established. An abstraction refinement property is also obtained. It shows how one can pass from an existing abstraction to a (less) finer one. Finally, equationally specified abstractions in the context of equationally specified abstract data types are discussed and exemplified.On leave from the Department of Computer Science, “Al. I. Cuza” University, Iaşi 740083, RomaniaThe research reported in this paper was partially supported by the program ECO-NET 08112WJ/2004-2005 and by the National University Research Council of Romania, grants CNCSIS 632(28)/2004 and CNCSIS 632(50)/2005.     

A predictive synchronizer for periodic clock domains

An adaptive predictive clock synchronizer for systems on chip incorporating multiple clock domains is presented. The synchronizer takes advantage of the periodic nature of clocks in order to predict potential conflicts in advance, and to conditionally employ an input sampling delay to avoid such conflicts. The result is conflict-free synchronization with maximal throughput and minimal latency. The adaptive predictive synchronizer adjusts automatically to a wide range of clock frequencies, regardless of whether the transmitter is faster or slower than the receiver. The synchronizer also avoids sampling duplicate data or missing any input. A novel method is presented for formal treatment of synchronizers and metastability. Correct operation of the synchronizer is formally proven and verified.     

简单非线性神经网络分类器及其在签名认证中的应用

该文分析了手写签名样本的特征值在特征空间上的分布。在此基础上,直接从神经元分类功能的物理意义出发,设计了具有非线性边界的,用于手写签名认证的神经网络分类器,妥善地解决了实际应用中,由于真实签名样本数量少和伪签名样本缺乏,不能训练神经网络的问题,取得了较好的认证结果。