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1.
T.V. Vakalova L.P. Devyashina Sh.M. Sharafeev N.P. Sergeev 《Ceramics International》2021,47(11):15282-15292
One of the drawbacks of fusible clays is the narrow sintering interval due to a sharp increase in the amount of iron-silicate melt at a temperature of 1000–1100 °C, which hardens in the form of a glass phase upon cooling. This leads to a relatively low mechanical strength of the calcined samples and causes the danger of melting the granular material surface from such clays during the firing process. To increase the strength of samples of fusible clays, the influence of diabase and granitoid rocks was considered. It was found that the strengthening effect of diabase and granitoid rock additives in an amount of 20–50% in a mixture with fusible clay is due to an increase of total content of the crystalline phase (mullite, cristobalite and residual quartz) from 18–20% in clays without additives to 22–28 % - in mixtures with diabase and to 28–34% - with granitoid additives) at a temperature of 1050–1100 °C. This increase is due to the activation of synthesis processes of secondary mullite and crystallization from alkali-rich feldspar melt of amorphous silica, released from the structure of clay minerals. The established influence of the igneous rocks used made it possible to develop compositions and propose process flow sheet for producing aluminosilicate proppants based on fusible clays. The use of granitoid and diabase rocks in an amount of 20–70% with fusible clays produces lightweight aluminosilicate proppants with bulk density of 1.40–1.46 g/cm3 at temperature range of 1050–1100 °C, which can endure destructive pressures up to 34.5–52 MPa. 相似文献
2.
Chuang Yu Yu Yang Ze-xiang Wu Ji-fang Jiang Rao-ping Liao Yong-feng Deng 《Geotextiles and Geomembranes》2021,49(2):413-419
Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), which have a very low permeability to water and a considerably high self-healing capacity, are widely used in liner systems of landfills. In this study, a series of experimental tests were carried out under complex conditions on typical commercial GCLs from China. In particular, the effects of pH values and lead ions (Pb2+) were tested in addition to other factors. The swelling properties of natural bentonite encapsulated between geotextile components in the GCLs were tested first. The swelling capacity was reduced rapidly at pH values < 3 and concentrations of Pb2+ >40 mM. Permeability tests on GCLs with different concentrations of lead ions were then performed by using the self-developed multi-link flexible wall permeameter, and data showed that increases in lead ion concentrations greatly improved the permeability. Finally, self-healing capacity tests were conducted on needle-punched GCLs under different levels of damage. Results showed that the GCLs have a good self-healing capacity with small diameter damage holes (2 mm, close to three times the original aperture), but with a damage aperture larger than 15% of the sample area, the self-healing capacity could not prevent leakage; hence, in certain situations it will be necessary to repair the damage to meet the anti-seepage requirement. 相似文献
3.
《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2020,12(3):630-641
Structure is an evident determinant for macroscopic behaviors of soils. However, this is not taken into account in most constitutive models, as structure is a rather complex issue in models. For this, it is important to develop and implement simple models that can reflect this important aspect of soil behavior. This paper tried to model structured soils based on well-established concepts, such as critical state and sub-loading. Critical state is the core of the classic Cam Clay model. The sub-loading concept implies adoption of an inner (sub-loading) yield surface, according to specific hardening rules for some internal strain-like state variables. Nakai and co-workers proposed such internal variables for controlling density (ρ) and structure (ω), using a modified stress space, called tij. Herein, similar variables are used in the context of the better-known invariants (p and q) of the Cam Clay model. This change requires explicit adoption of a non-associated flow rule for the sub-loading surface. This is accomplished by modifying the dilatancy ratio of the Cam Clay model, as a function of the new internal variables. These modifications are described and implemented under three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The model is then applied to simulating laboratory tests under different stress paths and the results are compared to experiments reported for different types of structured soils. The good agreements show the capacity and potential of the proposed model. 相似文献
4.
针对江西宜丰地区氧化锂质量分数<2.0%以下中低品位锂瓷土矿,研究了硫酸铵法提取碳酸锂技术路线。首先,利用二步焙烧工艺,有利于脱氟、提高锂浸出率,并且能够有效防止结窑现象发生。在浸出液除杂过程中,采用成矾除铝的方法将大量溶出的铝离子转变为KAl(SO4)2·12H2O、NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O等有价值复盐,规避了传统石膏法产生的大量固废,有70%的铝离子被转变为矾盐晶体,同时带出大量的结晶水,减轻后续浓缩压力,对比传统的石膏法产生大量固废而言,其优点是显而易见的。碳化反应产品的XRD以及氧化锂含量分析表明,碳酸锂的纯度达到99%以上,全程锂收率为50%~60%。作为提锂实验对比,采用宜春414矿锂质量分数为4.0%的锂云母,由于414矿样中铝的相对含量更低,导致相同的除杂难度下得到的414矿样中浸出液锂离子浓度更高,浓缩倍数更小,414矿样的锂回收率更高。实验结果表明,中低品位锂瓷土提锂的工艺规律,通过适当改变参数,能够应用于难度更低的高品位的锂云母提锂过程。 相似文献
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7.
MD膜驱剂的粘土稳定性研究Ⅰ.静态试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
粘土的膨胀和分散是引起地层伤害的两个重要因素。通过测定Zeta电位、XRD、悬浮液透光率、FT-IR考察了MD膜驱剂(MDFFA)对粘土稳定性的作用。结果表明,MDFFA的浓度低于0.3 mmol/g(以蒙脱土质量计)时,蒙脱土悬浮液Zeta电位的提高是由于膜驱剂分子的吸附改变了蒙脱土的层电荷;高于此浓度时,Zeta电位进一步提高是由于双电层的压缩。随着MDFFA浓度的增大,蒙脱土的完全膨胀层向部分膨胀层转化,并且经水冲洗、浸泡后,其XRD谱峰位置变化不大。较高浓度的MDFFA,能有效地抑制蒙脱土的分散,且不会形成对地层有害的絮凝体。MDFFA使蒙脱土层间水的含量明显降低。 相似文献
8.
9.
用两种方法——取代法和共聚法合成了一系列羟基镍铝交联蒙托石(GNiAl-CLM和NiAl-CLM),首次利用两种方法,交联前和交联后高温老化处理,对交联蒙托石的热稳定性进行改进。结果表明:取代法合成的羟基镍铝交联蒙托石具有均一的(001)面衍射,底面间距d(001)值均为1.8nm左右,而共聚法合成的羟基镍铝交联蒙托石出现两个(001)面衍射,d(001)值分别为1.8nm和1.55nm;高温处理后,热稳定性得到明显改进,热稳定性可高达700℃以上。 相似文献
10.
John Bensted 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1985,35(4):181-184
Characterisation of raw materials for Portland cement manufacture by use of the methylene blue adsorption method is discussed. The method is shown to be a simple, convenient ‘rule of thumb’ procedure. It provides a guide to the quantity and type of argillaceous minerals present in a given raw material sample. 相似文献