A p‐version,first order shear deformation,finite element for geometrically non‐linear vibration of curved beams

A p‐version, hierarchical finite element for curved, moderately thick, elastic and isotropic beams is introduced. The convergence properties of the element are analysed and some results are compared with results published elsewhere or calculated using a commercial finite element package. It is verified that, with the proposed element, shear locking does not affect the computation of the natural frequencies and that low dimensional, accurate models are obtainable. Geometrically non‐linear vibrations due to finite deformations, which occur for harmonic excitations with frequencies close to the first three natural frequencies of vibration, are investigated using Newmark's method. The influence of the thickness, longitudinal inertia and curvature radius on the dynamic behaviour of curved beams are studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A direct stiffness analysis of a composite beam with partial interaction

The use of the conventional semi-analytical stiffness method in finite element analysis, in which interpolation polynomials are used to develop the stiffness relationships, leads to problems of curvature locking when beam-type elements are developed for composite members with partial interaction between the materials of which it is comprised. The curvature locking phenomenon that occurs for composite steel–concrete members is quite well reported, and the general approach to minimizing the undesirable ramifications of curvature locking has been to use higher-order polynomials with increasing numbers of internal nodes. This paper presents an alternate formulation based on a direct stiffness approach rather than starting from pre-defined interpolation polynomials, and which does not possess the undesirable locking characteristics. The formulation is based on a more general approach for a bi-material composite flexural member, whose constituent materials are joined by elastic shear connection so as to provide partial interaction. The stiffness relationships are derived, and these are applied to a simply supported and a continuous steel–concrete composite beam to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, and in particular its ability to model accurately both very flexible and very stiff shear connection that causes difficulties when implemented in competitive semi-analytical algorithms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crushing behaviour of the energy absorbing 'tensor skin' panels

ABSTRACT Research results concerning the simulation of the crushing behaviour of composite systems with energy absorption characteristics are presented in the present work. The study is focused on the ‘tensor skin’ concept, an energy absorbing composite system that was originally developed to improve the crashworthiness of helicopters under water impact and which is promising for utilization in the construction of the lower part of composite fuselage aircraft. The ‘tensor skin’ concept comprises a folded or corrugated composite construction, which upon loading unfolds by forming ‘plastic hinges’, leading to an increase in the load bearing capability of the structure. The numerical modelling issues and the critical aspects of the simulation are discussed. Verification of the numerical simulation procedure is performed by experimental work. The experimental results utilized to assess and validate the numerical procedure were derived within the European Research Project ‘Design for Crash Survivability – CRASURV’ (BRITE – Aeronautics Area). The results of the simulations are generally in good agreement with experimental data.     

聚乙烯丙纶复合防水卷材的特点及其应用

介绍了聚乙烯丙纶复合防水卷材的产品结构特点和性能特点、防水系统结构特点和配套材料、应用拼接技术以及产品应用范围。     

Measurement of the Timoshenko Shear Stiffness. II: Effect of Transverse Compressibility

This is the second of two papers devoted to the issue of measuring the Timoshenko shear stiffness of thin-walled composite beams. In the first paper, the effect of warping on the effective Timoshenko shear stiffness, as measured through bending tests, was studied. The bending test was simulated using finite-element analysis, and the results indicated that the warping effect was minimal. On the other hand, the evidence suggests that transverse flexibility may have a significant influence on the effective Timoshenko shear stiffness, decreasing the effective shear stiffness at shorter test spans. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate this effect and to explore the use of a sandwich theory to predict the measurement error. A higher-order sandwich theory, which captures the transverse strain at concentrated loads and supports, is applied to a commercially available thin-walled composite beam. The results indicate that the sandwich model does capture the decrease in the effective shear stiffness at short spans, and the dependence of the shear stiffness on span-to-depth ratio is similar to that calculated in the first paper, using the finite-element method.     

Deflection Calculation of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Modifications to the Existing Branson Equation

Fundamental concepts of tension stiffening are used to explain why Branson’s equation for the effective moment of inertia Ie does not predict deflection well for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete beams. The tension stiffening component in Branson’s equation is shown to depend on the ratio of gross-to-cracked moment of inertia (Ig/Icr), and gives too much tension stiffening for beams with an Ig/Icr ratio greater than 3. FRP beams typically have an Ig/Icr ratio greater than 5, leading to a much stiffer response and underprediction of computed deflections as observed by others in the past. One common approach to computing deflection of FRP reinforced concrete beams has been to use a modified form of the Branson equation. This paper presents a rational development of appropriate modification factors needed to reduce the tension stiffening component in Branson’s original expression to realistic levels. Computed deflections using this approach give reasonable results with the right modification factor, and compare well with a more general unified approach that incorporates a realistic tension stiffening model. Comparison is made with the existing and past correction factors recommended by ACI 440 for predicting deflection of FRP beams. The method presently used by ACI 440 gives reasonable estimates of deflection for glass and carbon FRP reinforced beams. However, this method underestimates deflection of aramid FRP reinforced beams and is restricted to rectangular sections. A proposal is made for adoption of a simple modification factor that works well for all types of FRP bar and beam cross-sectional shape.     

Strengthening of Preloaded RC Beams Using Hybrid Carbon Sheets

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams subject to service loads of 40 or 60% of steel yielding were strengthened using hybrid continuous carbon fiber sheets. The hybrid systems were made of high-strength and high-modulus carbon sheets, and compared with systems using only high-strength carbon. It was found that the use of high-modulus carbon sheets in hybrid systems could increase the yielding load, the flexural stiffness, the postyielding ductility, and reduce the crack opening in concrete. The slope changes on load-deflection curves at steel yielding are not noticeable in hybrid systems. The tensile strains developed in hybrid sheets after the fracture of high-modulus carbon are higher in magnitude and distributed in a larger area, leading to an ultimate carbon fracture with concrete crushing. These unique features are attributed to the high stiffness and low ultimate tensile strain of the high-modulus carbon fibers which stiffen the structures, avoid or delay the fiber-reinforced polymer debonding, and facilitate the deformability during their subsequent breakdown.     

喷射沉积SiCP/Al复合材料及6066铝合金热挤压工艺的研究

作者应用喷射共沉积工艺制备 6 0 6 6 / Si Cp复合材料和 6 0 6 6铝合金锭坯 ,在不同的挤压比、挤压温度下挤压成　　型 ,用金相显微镜观察材料的显微组织 ,并测试了材料的力学性能。结果表明 :Si C/ Al复合材料喷射沉积状态的组织很疏松 ,存在许多的间隙 ,其密度约为理论密度的 86 % ,Si C颗粒在复合材料中分布不均匀 ,喷射沉积铝合金基体的致密度可达 90 % ;挤压过程使 Al/ Si Cp复合材料的大多数空隙消失 ,致密程度随挤压比的增大而增大 ,挤压比超过 14 .7后不会明显变化 ,而铝合金基体的致密程度与挤压比的变化关系不明显 ;挤压温度对材料的致密程度影响不大 ;Al/ Si Cp复合材料性能在挤压比超过 14 .7后变化不大 ;铝合金的性能不受挤压比变化的影响 ;而挤压温度过高使材料性能下降     

具有随机输入的混合复合动态系统的稳定性判据

本文给出了如图1所示的具有随机输入的混合复合动态系统的稳定性分析,所讨论的系统由一个算子L和一个随机微分方程描述的方块组成。对于这样的系统,我们建立了随机吸引性、随机渐近稳定性、随机有界性、大范围随机渐近稳定性、p吸引性、渐近p稳定性、一致p有界性和大范围渐近p稳定性的判据。这些判据包含了一些假设,这些假设描述了算子L和整个系统的定性I/O性质和表示了由随机微分方程描述的子系统的性质。     

硼／铝复合材料管构件的界面特性EI

主要研究带钛合金连接头硼／铝复合材料管构件中Ｂ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ间的界面结构与性质。研究表明，在复合工艺条件下，硼－铝界面附近没有检测到任何铝－硼化合物，而钛－铝间形成ＴｉＡｌ有序金属间化合物相。实验证明，硼／铝复合材料与铝合金端环之间采用的固结方法是有效的，且可按照受载类型随意调整斜面搭接长度，达到承受不同载荷的目的。