Prediction on contaminant migration in aquifer of fractured granite substrata of landfill

Nowadays, a certain amount of landfills in China were constructed without horizontal liner system. The research conducted focuses mainly on the contaminants from landfill leachate migrating in the aquifer of a fractured granite area, and pollution predictions for groundwater were made by establishing numerical model with Visual Modflow combining field investigation like geological surveys, drilling, geophysical explorations, hydrogeological experiments, water quality analysis. The transportation of the chloride ion from landfill in the aquifer was simulated in the model with time frames of 2 555, 3 650, 5 475 and 7 300 d. The model shows that from 2 555 d to 7300 d starting from 2003, the chloride ion migrated from 900 m to 1300 m, respectively, along the groundwater flow. The results indicate that as leachate plume migrated in the aquifer, the concentration of the pollutants can be up to 19.74 to 251.76 times that of background value. The research proves that the leachate poses a threat to the local water body and offers a reference towards groundwater pollution prevention for fractured granite landfill sites.     

污秽绝缘子放电声发射信号的实验研究

污闪威胁到电力系统的安全运行。文章根据污秽放电伴随的超声信号，提出用声发射信号来反映绝缘子的污闪过程。进行了大量污秽试验，采集了绝缘子污秽放电时的声发射信号波形。分析结果表明声发射信号可以反映绝缘子污秽放电的强弱，因而可以实现绝缘子的污闪监测。     

从规划层面谈城市大气污染治理

目前汽车尾气排放污染已经成为污染城市大气的第一污染源,为了实现城市交通的可持续发展,解决日益严重的汽车尾气排放污染问题,应当从两方面采取措施:一方面,从降低单位污染物排放量入手,结合城市交通规划,应大力发展公共交通,重视自行车道和人行道规划;另一方面,针对我国汽车保有量不断增加的情况,基于污染物扩散理论,提出应合理规划城市街道走向、建筑物高度以及建筑物后退道路红线距离,以形成有利于污染物扩散的大气流场,从总量上来降低污染物浓度。通过这些手段,来解决城市大气污染问题,实现全面、协调、可持续的交通发展。     

滤后油液中固体污染物数量的研究

定义了过滤器的极限过滤粒径a和粒径敏感系数b两个特征参数.推导了过滤后油液中粒径在给定区间[x1,x2]的固体污染物数量Nx1,x2与过滤器特征参数和固体污染物粒径概率分布之间的关系式.算例表明:(1)存在μc和σp,当污染物粒径均值μ和均方根值σ分别小于μc和σp时,Nx1,x2的大小对μ和σ的变化十分敏感,并且当μ和σ分别等于μp(μp＜μc)和σp时,Nx1,x2最大;(2)Nx1,x2随μ的增加而增加,随σ的增加而减小,并且Nx1,x2与a和b分别呈正指数和负指数关系.     

气体污染物高温净化的研究

综述了国内外硫、氮、氯的污染物和碱金属、重金属、焦油蒸气等气体污染物的高温净化研究概况,提出了存在的技术问题。在提高能源利用率和环保的基础上,探讨了功能型净化剂或多功能高温净化反应器的工艺,以便实现多种污染物一体化高温脱除。     

嘉兴市水环境现状及外来污染物贡献率评价

为了摸清嘉兴市污染物的来源情况,为水环境整治提供科学依据,根据近年来水环境监测数据,评价了该市水环境现状,估算了外来污染量和本地污染量。结果表明:影响嘉兴市水质的主要项目依次是NH3-N,TP和CODMn;外来的污染量占很大的比重,约为50%。建议在积极控制本地排污和增强自身纳污能力的同时,应呼吁和协调周边地区改善水环境。     

湿法炼锌中锗“烧板“及控制

以电解液中锗超标引起锌电积烧板的一个实例,分析了锗在湿法炼锌过程中的行为,电积过程的危害,超标的原因及处理办法.     

Identification of 1’,5’-naphthyridinophthalone and its quantification in the color additive D&C Yellow No. 10 (Quinoline Yellow) using high-performance liquid chromatography

The present work reports the identification and characterization of a contaminant, 2-(2?-(1,5-naphthyridinyl))-1,3-indanedione (1?,5?-naphthyridinophthalone, 1,5NP), in the color additive D&;C Yellow No. 10 (U.S.-certifiable form of Quinoline Yellow), together with its quantification in batches of the color additive certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The impurity, which is a compound not previously reported in the literature, was synthesised and characterised for use as a reference material. Test portions from 26 certified batches of D&;C Yellow No. 10 submitted to USFDA by four domestic and four foreign manufacturers were analyzed for 1,5NP using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed a wide range of 1,5NP levels across batches, with 18 (69.2%) of the test portions containing amounts from 0.32 to 169.94 µg g^?1 while the remaining test portions contained no detectable (<0.07 µg g^?1) amounts. Samples of the European and Japanese forms of Quinoline Yellow were also analyzed and found to contain a wide range of 1,5NP levels. The varying levels of 1,5NP in all three forms of Quinoline Yellow suggest that contamination can be significantly decreased or eliminated through manufacturing adjustments. Since 1,5NP is closely related to a D&;C Yellow No. 10 contaminant (quinophthalone) that has a USFDA-specified limit of 4 µg g^?1 and is a known allergen, assessment of the possible allergenicity of 1,5NP is warranted.     

食品污染存在的隐患

该文阐述了各种污染源对食品的污染，以及这些因素对人体健康造成的危害，并提出解决措施。     

Adsorption of ionizable organic contaminants on multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different oxygen contents

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), which are considered to be promising candidates for the adsorption of toxic organics, are released into aqueous environment with their increasing production and application. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of five structurally related ionizable organic contaminants namely perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-NP) onto MWNTs with different oxygen contents (3.84-22.85%) were investigated. The adsorption kinetics was investigated and simulated with pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were found to be fitted with Freundlich model and influenced by both the properties of organic chemicals and the oxygen contents of MWNTs. As adsorption capacity decreases dramatically with the increasing of oxygen contents, the MWNTs with the lowest oxygen contents possess the highest adsorption capacity among four MWNTs. For the MWNTs with the oxygen contents of 3.84%, the adsorption affinity related with hydrophobic interaction and π-electron polarizability decreased in the order of 4-NP>PFOSA>PFOS>2,4-D>PFOA. Furthermore, the adsorption characters of five contaminants were affected by solution pH and solute pK(a) considering electrostatic repulse force and hydrogen bonding, which showed the adsorption of MWNTs with lower oxygen content is much sensitive to solution chemistry.