水工混凝土结构裂缝成因挖掘的粗集方法研究

裂缝是水工混凝土结构常见病害之一,针对水工混凝土结构运行期的裂缝问题,应用粗集理论,结合实测资料,对裂缝产生的主要原因进行了系统地研究,提出了裂缝成因挖掘的粗集方法.     

内压作用下钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道裂缝宽度计算公式

提出"外部管壁"力学模型,并推导出精度较高的半理论半经验计算公式,该公式考虑了混凝土保护层内外的裂缝宽度差异,而后给出算例.     

双向载荷作用下无限大板中源于正方形孔的分支裂纹的应力强度因子

为研究源于正方形孔的一对分支裂纹问题提出一种边界元法,该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfield提出的常位移不连续单元和裂尖位移不连续单元构成.在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其他边界.算例说明,这种边界元法对计算平面弹性复杂裂纹的应力强度因子非常有效.给出的双向载荷作用下无限大板中源于正方形孔的一对分支裂纹的应力强度因子的详细数值结果,可以揭示双向载荷参数对应力强度因子的影响.     

Vibrodiagnostic parameters of fatigue damage in rectangular plates. Part 3. Through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical cracks

The paper addresses the analytical determination of vibrodiagnostic parameters that describe the presence of normal-rupture flat through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical central cracks in a rectangular homogeneous plate of constant thickness for various plate fixing conditions and vibration modes. It is shown that the most sensitive vibrodiagnostic damage parameter of a plate is the variation of the logarithmic decrement in the case of a through-the thickness crack and the second-harmonic ratio of the vibration process in superharmonic resonance in the case of a surface crack. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 27–47, September–October, 2006.     

Mode III fracture of a magnetoelectroelastic layer: exact solution and discussion of the crack face electromagnetic boundary conditions

This paper develops a closed-form solution for anti-plane mechanical and in plane electric and magnetic fields in a magnetoelectroelastic layer of finite thickness. Explicit expressions for the stresses, electric fields, and magnetic fields, together with their intensity factors are obtained for the extreme cases for impermeable and permeable cracks. Solutions for some special cases, such as a magnetoelectroelastic layer with infinite thickness, are also obtained. Applicability of the crack face electromagnetic boundary conditions is discussed. It is found that the crack profile is important in obtaining the correct electromagnetic fields and their intensity factors. The stress intensity factor, however, does not depend on the crack face electromagnetic boundary condition assumptions.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the debonding interface between an old concrete and an overlay

The paper focuses on debonding propagation along an interface, notably on the major influence of the interlocking between the two faces of the debonding interface. The aim of the study is to obtain the data necessary for relevant and efficient debonding modelling. The work associates experiment and simulation with the purpose of quantifying the interlocking along the interface. The overlay material investigated was a fibre reinforced mortar (FRM). Direct tension tests of notched FRM specimens were firstly conducted to obtain the tensile strength and the residual normal stress—crack width relationship. Its Young's modulus was determined from compression tests. The substrate-overlay interface was investigated by direct tension tests and flexure tests performed on composite substrate-overlay specimens. The direct tension tests provided the interface tensile strength and the relationship between debonding-opening and residual normal tensile stress. Three point flexural static tests informed on the structural behaviour of the interface. The debonding interface propagation was monitored using a video-microscope with a maximum enlargement of ×175. Using the identified and quantified parameters, modelling of the above mentioned static tests was carried out by the finite elements method using CAST3M code developed in France by CEA (Centre for Atomic Energy). The comparison of modelling and experiment results shows a good coherence and proves the important role of interlocking on the debonding mechanism.     

J resistance behavior in functionally graded materials using cohesive zone and modified boundary layer models

This paper describes elastic–plastic crack growth resistance simulation in a ceramic/metal functionally graded material (FGM) under mode I loading conditions using cohesive zone and modified boundary layer (MBL) models. For this purpose, we first explore the applicability of two existing, phenomenological cohesive zone models for FGMs. Based on these investigations, we propose a new cohesive zone model. Then, we perform crack growth simulations for TiB/Ti FGM SE(B) and SE(T) specimens using the three cohesive zone models mentioned above. The crack growth resistance of the FGM is characterized by the J-integral. These results show that the two existing cohesive zone models overestimate the actual J value, whereas the model proposed in the present study closely captures the actual fracture and crack growth behaviors of the FGM. Finally, the cohesive zone models are employed in conjunction with the MBL model. The two existing cohesive zone models fail to produce the desired K–T stress field for the MBL model. On the other hand, the proposed cohesive zone model yields the desired K–T stress field for the MBL model, and thus yields J _R curves that match the ones obtained from the SE(B) and SE(T) specimens. These results verify the application of the MBL model to simulate crack growth resistance in FGMs.     

Obtaining mode mixity for a bimaterial interface crack using the virtual crack closure technique

We review, unify and extend work pertaining to evaluating mode mixity of interfacial fracture utilizing the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). From the VCCT, components of the strain energy release rate (SERR) are obtained using the forces and displacements near the crack tip corresponding to the opening and sliding contributions. Unfortunately, these components depend on the crack extension size, Δ, used in the VCCT. It follows that a mode mixity based upon these components also will depend on the crack extension size. However, the components of the strain energy release rate can be used for determining the complex stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the associated mode mixity. In this study, we show that several—seemingly different—suggested methods presented in the literature used to obtain mode mixity based on the stress intensity factors are indeed identical. We also present an alternative, simpler quadratic equation to this end. Moreover, a Δ-independent strain energy release based mode mixity can be defined by introducing a “normalizing length parameter.” We show that when the reference length (used for the SIF-based mode mixity) and the normalizing length (used for Δ-independent SERR-based mode mixity) are equal, the two mode mixities are only shifted by a phase angle, depending on the bimaterial parameter ε.     

Non-Local Theory Solution for an Anti-Plane Shear Permeable Crack in Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Materials

In this paper, the non-local theory solution of a Griffith crack in functionally graded piezoelectric materials under the anti-plane shear loading is obtained for the permeable electric boundary conditions, in which the material properties vary exponentially with coordinate parallel to the crack. The present problem can be solved by using the Fourier transform and the technique of dual integral equation, in which the unknown variable is the jump of displacement across the crack surfaces, not the dislocation density function. To solve the dual integral equations, the jump of the displacement across the crack surfaces is directly expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. From the solution of the present paper, it is found that no stress and electric displacement singularities are present near the crack tips. The stress fields are finite near the crack tips, thus allows us to use the maximum stress as a fracture criterion. The finite stresses and the electric displacements at the crack tips depend on the crack length, the functionally graded parameter and the lattice parameter of the materials, respectively. On the other hand, the angular variations of the strain energy density function are examined to associate their stationary value with locations of possible fracture initiation.     

Effect of residual stresses on interface crack growth by void expansion mechanism

Crack growth along an interface between two adjacent elastic–plastic materials in a layered solid is analysed, using special interface elements to represent the fracture process ahead of the crack-tip. These interface elements account for ductile failure by the nucleation and growth of voids to coalescence. In these elements the stress components normal to the interface and the shear stresses are given by equilibrium with the surrounding material, and the stress component tangential to the interface is determined by the requirement of compatibility with the surrounding material in the tangential direction. It is assumed that the layers are sufficiently thick, so that the plastic regions around the crack-tip are much smaller than the thickness of the nearest layers. The analyses focus on the effect of initial residual stresses in the layered material, or on T-stress components induced during loading. The results show that the value of the T-stress component in the softer material adjacent to the interface crack plays the dominant role, such that a negative value of this stress component gives a significant increase of the interface fracture toughness.