一种不定帧长的语音压缩编码算法

在低算法复杂度上实现低编码速率，首选直接模数转化增量调制编码。但增量调制编码却由于仅有后向预测，而对尖峰的刻画能力不够。提出的一种不定帧长的语音编码算法解决了这一问题，实验证明具有很好的改进效果。     

水库冲刷漏斗试验研究

探讨了特定河道条件(近坝段地形狭窄)下的水库冲刷漏斗形态问题。通过对宝石水库冲刷漏斗的试验分析认为，在边界条件限制下，冲刷漏斗将呈现二维结构，淤积三角洲基本向坝前平行推进。随水库运行排沙水位的抬高，水库淤积增多，三角洲洲面高程增大，但底孔冲刷漏斗形态、位置基本不变，同流量下淤积上升过程形成的淤积体高程较水位回降时形成的淤积体高程低。相同排沙水位情况下，出库流量越大，淤积高程越低。通过与其它水库冲刷漏斗试验及原型观测资料的比较，确定了宝石电站水库冲刷漏斗纵坡等形态参数，得出了一些对多沙河流水库调度有一定参考价值的普遍性结论。     

珠江三角洲典型区域土壤重金属污染探查研究

以珠江三角洲典型区域研究高强度经济开发下土壤环境中重金属污染的状况。测定了84份样品中铜、锌、镉、铬、铅的含量水平。土壤中镉、铬、铅、镍、铜、锌的含量分别在0.166～0.433mgkg-1、2.28～94.28mgkg-1、20.36～143.3mgkg-1、2.29～63.55mgkg-1、4.8～65.1mgkg-1、10.06～131mgkg-1之间。从分析结果可以看出,镍、铅等元素在有些地方普遍偏高,且有的极为明显,已高出背景值108.3mgkg-1。其他元素也存在不同水平的富集,普遍高出背景值。     

Stability analysis of PWM feedback control systems with PID regulators

Stability analysis is of great significance in those feedback control systems in which the power amplifier is operated as a pulse-modulator device, since under these circumstances the whole control system is highly non-linear. Stability in PWM feedback control systems with a proportional type regulator has been amply described in the literature. Only recently, however, have such studies been extended to include systems with a proportional-plus-integral regulator. In this paper the problem is considered for the case involving a PWM control system, where the regulator is a proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative, the PWM modulator is of a very general type and the controlled process is of arbitrary order. The stability of the system is analysed by means of a discrete version of the second Lyapunov method ; this method in turn leads to an investigation of the positivity region of a quadratic form defined in the parameter space of the regulator. To improve the stability region obtained, a procedure is investigated whereby only a few parameters of the quadratic Lyapunov function need to be varied. The method proposed has proved extremely simple and flexible to apply, even in cases where the system is of arbitrary order.     

An Energy-efficient Switching Scheme with Reduced Switching Transients for a Wind-driven Induction Generator

This article presents a scheme for improving the power output of grid-connected induction generator commonly used in wind energy conversion systems. Generally, the stator of the induction generator is connected in a star with a line voltage of √3 times the rated winding voltage to reduce the line current and, hence, conductor size. To extend the generating operation over a wider speed range, delta-star switchable stator windings are also in vogue. In such cases, the stator is star connected in the lower speed range and switched to a delta connection above a threshold speed. In this study, a new switching scheme is proposed wherein the stator coils are always connected in a star, while the stator is connected to different voltages in low- and high-speed conditions. At low wind speeds, nominal winding voltage is applied to the stator, whereas at higher speeds, the stator applied voltage is √3 times higher than the rated winding voltage. The efficacy of the scheme is demonstrated experimentally with a suitable microcontroller-based switching arrangement. Typical results indicate an increase in output with reduced switching transients. A case study on a 3-Φ, 50-kW induction generator is presented to emphasize the performance improvement with the proposed scheme.     

海拉尔盆地贝中油田南一段沉积微相特征

根据测井、岩心及实验分析资料,对海拉尔盆地贝中油田南一段进行了沉积微相分析并建立了相识别标志。利用沉积旋回特征,自上而下将南一段分为5个油层组。研究表明:贝中油田的沉积物源主要来自西南部;南一段发育扇三角洲前缘、滨浅湖等2种沉积亚相,其中扇三角洲前缘亚相可识别出水下分流河道、水下分流间湾、河口坝及席状砂等4种沉积微相,滨浅湖亚相可识别出坝砂、滩砂及浅湖泥等3种沉积微相;南一段I、Ⅱ油层组表现为2期水退、水进过程。     

南苏丹Melut裂谷盆地扇体的发现及油气意义

Melut盆地为中非剪切带走滑背景下形成的裂谷盆地,具有早期白垩世被动裂谷盆地和晚期古近纪—新近纪主动裂谷盆地相叠合的特征,长期以来一直围绕辫状河、三角洲等领域进行勘探。通过地质—地球物理综合研究,在盆地北部凹陷识别出一系列扇体沉积,包括凹陷东部Abyat扇三角洲、西部Ruman近岸水下扇等。这些扇体主要形成于盆地初始被动裂谷期,发育于下白垩统Al Renk组烃源岩及烃源岩附近的白垩系Galhak组和Al Gayger组内,具有良好的生、储、盖配置条件。扇体的发现证实了Melut等中非裂谷盆地的初始被动裂谷期同样发育类似于主动裂谷盆地的扇三角洲、水下扇等各种扇体沉积,且具有良好的成藏条件和勘探潜力,这一发现和认识拓展了中非裂谷盆地的勘探潜力和空间。     

A low-distortion multi-bit sigma–delta ADC with mismatch-shaping DACs for WLAN applications

A low-distortion feed-forward MASH2_4b-2_4b sigma–delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications was presented. The converter exhibits improved performances than the ADCs which have been presented to date by adding a feedback factor in the second stage and employing a 2nd-order noise-shaping dynamic element matching (DEM) scheme. The feedback factor induces a zero in the noise transfer function (NTF) and therefore improves the in-band signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of the modulator. The mismatch-shaping DEM was introduced and applied to the 4-bit DACs in this paper to improve the resolution and linearity of the ADC. Fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with single 1.8 V supply voltage, the converter achieves a peak SNDR of 85.4 dB over a 10 MHz bandwidth which implies an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 13.90-bit. The spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is –94 dB for a 1.25 MHz@–6dBFS input signal at 160 MHz sampling frequency. The occupied area is 0.44 mm² and dissipation power 23.4 mW.     

A low power dissipation high-speed CMOS image sensor with column-parallel sigma–delta ADCs

A 60frames/s CMOS image sensor with column-parallel inverter-based sigma–delta (ΣΔ) ADCs is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the robustness of the inverter, instead of constant power supply, two buffers are designed to provide power supply for inverters. Instead of using of an operational amplifier, an inverter-based switch-capacitor (SC) circuit is adopted to low-voltage low-power ΣΔ modulator. Detailed analysis and design optimization are provided. Due to the use of the inverter-based ΣΔ ADCs, the conversion speed is improved while reducing the area and power consumption. The proposed CMOS image sensor has been fabricated with 0.18 μm CMOS process. The measurement results show that the random noise (RN) is 7e_rms⁻, the pixel conversion gain is 100 μV/e⁻. Since the measured full well capacity of the pixel is 25000e⁻, the CMOS image sensor achieves a 71 dB dynamic range (DR). The total power consumption at 60frame/s is 58.2 mW.