高坝泄洪诱发场地振动响应分析及传播规律

为研究高坝泄洪诱发场地振动的问题,提出一种基于黏弹性人工边界的有限元数值模拟和水力学模型试验相结合的方法计算场地振动响应。以国内某工程为例,计算不同工况下场地振动响应,分析泄洪量和泄洪调度方式对场地振动的影响,揭示不同岩体条件下振动波的传播规律。结果表明:该工程各种泄洪方式都不会对周边居民的生活造成影响;泄洪量越大,下游场地振动响应越大,当3个溢洪洞泄洪条件一致时,采用2号洞泄洪最不利;同等泄洪条件下,采用4洞均分泄洪的振动响应小于按设计开度泄洪的振动响应;模型范围内放大振动波的主因是断层左右岩体性质的差异,断层的存在进一步加大了放大效应。     

感潮河道桥梁和码头工程群对行洪累积影响

以宁波甬江流域感潮河段所建工程群为研究对象,基于Delft3D数学模型开展了典型洪潮条件下桥梁和码头群对河道行洪的累积影响研究,对比分析单类工程群和两类工程群对河道洪水位和流速的影响。结果表明:桥梁和码头群对河道行洪存在累积影响,位置集中在宁波大学上游的甬江、奉化江和姚江河段;在两类工程群单独作用下均存在水位(流速)增加或减小的区域,桥梁和码头群的联合作用使得水位(流速)变化幅度更大,但不是两类工程群影响幅度的简单叠加;在两类工程群单独作用下水位(流速)变化相反的区域,桥梁和码头群的联合作用下水位(流速)的变化幅度减小。     

城市洪涝试验研究进展

城市洪涝物理试验与原型试验是开展数值模型验证及提高预报预警精度的重要手段。从城市产流过程、地表洪水演进以及地表径流与管网水流交互三方面,综述了近年来国内外城市洪涝试验的研究进展。针对目前城市洪涝试验研究中存在的不足,指出今后应完善现有城市产汇流过程相关机理方面的试验研究,深入研究地表与管网垂向交互过程,加强与城市洪涝期间的流动行为密切相关过程的定量试验研究。     

DEM分辨率对山洪淹没模拟影响

DEM是表征地形状况的重要指标,在山洪淹没模拟中起着重要作用。以2016年7月19日发生在河北省石家庄市井陉县西部山区的特大暴雨山洪事件为研究对象,利用HEC-HMS水文模型和FLO-2D水动力模型,设置5种DEM分辨率方案(30、20、15、10、5 m),从淹没范围和淹没水深两方面分析了DEM分辨率对山洪淹没模拟的影响,并从模型运行时间角度对其运行效率进行了评估。研究表明:DEM分辨率越高,则淹没范围越小,平均淹没水深越大,即模型模拟精度越高,山洪事件的淹没范围及水深越接近于实际调查情况(DEM分辨率为30和5 m时,淹没范围及淹没深度的模拟精度分别为0.56和0.41、0.76和0.79);随着DEM分辨率的提高,尤其从10 m提高至5 m时,模拟结果差异减少,模拟精度的增幅也减小,淹没范围和水深的精度增幅分别为2.70%和3.94%;DEM分辨率越高,则模型运行时间越长,模型运行效率越低,5 m DEM方案下的运行时间为30 m DEM方案的700倍。综合考虑模拟精度及模拟时间,10 m分辨率的DEM对山洪淹没模拟、风险评估及预警预报等更为适用。     

2020年滁河洪水调度实践与分析

2020年梅雨期安徽省长江、淮河、新安江流域同时发生大洪水,历史罕见。滁河流域属于长江流域,发生超警戒水位洪水,上游襄河口闸以上发生超历史记录水位洪水,历史上第5次启用荒草二圩、荒草三圩蓄洪区分洪蓄水。通过水库蓄水量变化反推水库拦蓄的流量过程和利用各圩区蓄滞水量进行三角形概化反推入圩流量过程并结合水位—流量关系曲线,分析大型水库调度及中型水库拦蓄及启用荒草二圩、荒草三圩在削减洪峰流量、降低洪峰水位发挥的作用,实际降低相应站点水位0.50~1.50 m,有效减轻下游河段防洪压力。     

空天地一体化遥感技术在安徽省2020年汛情监测中的应用

遥感技术能够快速反应、实时监控,成为汛情监测不可或缺的重要手段。安徽省内多大江大河,且降水集中在汛期,防汛工作压力大。2020年汛期,安徽省出现全省范围的特大汛情,淮河、长江、新安江三大流域接连告急。介绍了空天地一体化遥感技术在本次汛情监测中的应用:以国产高分系列卫星数据为主要数据源的航天遥感技术,以无人机拍摄为主要手段的航空遥感技术和以现场勘察为主的地面遥感技术一体化调度,为汛情监测提供了可靠的信息来源和有力的技术支撑。     

河套盆地晚更新世以来黄河改道对高砷地下水分布的控制机制

针对河套盆地开展了历时多年的水文地质环境地质调查,利用采集的298组浅层地下水样品以及收集并甄选的382个水文地质钻孔记录分析发现:河套盆地内95%的高砷地下水(As质量浓度10μg/L)集中在黄河决口、改道形成的古河道影响带及黄河决口扇裙带。其中,盆地南部首次发现了较为集中的高砷地下水,其分布范围与黄河北岸的晚更新世以来黄河决口、改道形成的4个大型决口扇,在空间上有着良好的对应关系。黄河古河道带及决口扇裙带表现为较强的还原环境及蒸发浓缩作用以及较弱的地表水补给强度。受pH值、含铁氧化物的还原性溶解等因素影响,决口扇裙带浅层地下水中砷的含量略低于平原中部黄河古河道带。结果表明:黄河古河道带及决口扇裙带特定的沉积环境控制着地下水的水文地球化学过程,进而对高砷地下水的分布具有决定性的作用。     

Connecting the dots: Understanding the interrelated impacts of type,quality and children's awareness of design features and the mathematics content learning goals in digital math games and related learning outcomes

This study focused on an examination of how type, quality and children's awareness of design features in digital math games, along with an awareness of the mathematics goals of the game, were related to learning outcomes. We conducted a parallel conversion mixed methods study with 45 students in Grades 3 and 4 (ages 9–10). Students participated in clinical interviews using three digital math games. The results suggest a moderated mediation relationship in which the quality of the design features moderated the mediating impact of children's awareness of the game's design features, specifically when the child was aware of the mathematics content learning goal (MCLG) of the game. These findings show how important it is that design features are of high quality in a digital math game, and how this is intertwined with children's awareness of the features and the MCLG. When these variables intertwined in just the right way, the interactions between the children and the digital math game afforded mathematical learning growth.     

CBR系统中一种实例相似度算法的改进

本文对CBR系统中实例相似度的算法进行了改进,在传统实例相似性算法的基础上加入实例属性缺失度因子和实例可复用性因子。因此在实例检索中考虑实例检索结果的精确度和实例的可复用度,进而使检索的精确度提高和修改难度降低,最终提高CBR系统的精确度和实用性。     

Soft computing approach to fault diagnosis of centrifugal pump

Fault detection and isolation in rotating machinery is very important from an industrial viewpoint as it can help in maintenance activities and significantly reduce the down-time of the machine, resulting in major cost savings. Traditional methods have been found to be not very accurate. Soft computing based methods are now being increasingly employed for the purpose. The proposed method is based on a genetic programming technique which is known as gene expression programming (GEP). GEP is somewhat a new member of the genetic programming family. The main objective of this paper is to compare the classification accuracy of the proposed evolutionary computing based method with other pattern classification approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), Wavelet-GEP, and proximal support vector machine (PSVM). For this purpose, six states viz., normal, bearing fault, impeller fault, seal fault, impeller and bearing fault together, cavitation are simulated on centrifugal pump. Decision tree algorithm is used to select the features. The results obtained using GEP is compared with the performance of Wavelet-GEP, support vector machine (SVM) and proximal support vector machine (PSVM) based classifiers. It is observed that both GEP and SVM equally outperform the other two classifiers (PSVM and Wavelet-GEP) considered in the present study.