Modeling and analysis of passive worm propagation in the P2P file-sharing network

A number of worms, named P2P (peer-to-peer) passive worms, have recently surfaced, which propagate in P2P file-sharing networks and have posed heavy threats to these networks. In contrast to the majority of Internet worms, it is by exploiting users’ legitimate activities instead of vulnerabilities of networks in which P2P passive worms propagate. This feature evidently slows down their propagation, which results in them not attracting an adequate amount of attention in literature. Meanwhile, this feature visibly increases the difficulty of detecting them, which makes it very possible for them to become epidemic. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for P2P passive worm propagation by adopting epidemiological approaches so as to identify their behaviors and predict the tendency of their propagation accurately. Compared with a few existing models, dynamic characteristics of P2P networks are taken into account. Based on this proposed model, the sufficient condition for the global stability of the worm free equilibrium is derived by applying epidemiological theories. Large scale simulation experiments have validated both the proposed model and the condition.     

含煤盆地深层“超饱和”煤层气形成条件

中国深层煤层气资源丰富，但总体勘探和认识程度较低，尚未形成较为系统的深层煤层气地质理论。通过解剖分析准噶尔盆地白家海凸起和鄂尔多斯盆地临兴区块深层"超饱和"煤层气井的试气/生产动态，估算原地游离气的含气量，分析了深层"超饱和"煤层气的形成条件。研究表明：①深层"超饱和"煤层气储层中除吸附气外，还含有原地游离气，用常规试气方法可直接获得气流，煤层气的产出不明显依赖于排水降压；②埋藏超过一定深度，在煤阶和温度的综合作用下，煤的吸附能力将随埋深的继续增加而降低，煤层中吸附气的饱和度有增加的趋势，在达到吸附饱和后，出现原地游离气并形成"超饱和"煤层气，盆地深层具有"超饱和"煤层气形成的优势条件；③由于地温梯度和压力梯度的不同，不同盆地"超饱和"煤层气出现的临界深度不同，异常高压和异常高热流可以降低深层"超饱和"煤层气形成的临界深度；④深层"超饱和"煤层气开发具有大大缩短见气时间、充分利用地层能量和累积产水量低等优势，有望成为未来煤层气勘探开发的一个重要领域。     

A Distribution‐freeCUSUMChart for Monitoring Variability of AutocorrelatedProcesses

We present a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart for monitoring the variability of an autocorrelated process. A quantity known as the asymptotic variance parameter is employed as a measure of the variability, and a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart is applied to variance estimates calculated from batches of nonoverlapping samples. The proposed chart is applicable to a stationary process with a general marginal distribution and a general autocorrelation structure. It also determines control limits analytically without trial‐and‐error simulations. The performance of the proposed chart is tested on stationary processes with both normal and nonnormal marginals with various autocorrelation structures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability and thermophysical properties of fly ash nanofluid for heat transfer applications

Improving the performance of heat transfer fluids is altogether significant. The best approach for improving the thermal conductivity is the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid. In the present study, specific heat, dynamic viscosity, and thermal conductivity of water-based Indian coal fly ash stable nanofluid for 0.1% to 0.5% volume concentration in the temperature range of 30 to 60°C has been investigated. To evaluate an average particle diameter of 11.5 nm, the fly ash nanoparticles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Using zeta potential, the stability of nanofluid in the presence of surfactant Triton X-100 was tested. Thermal conductivity and viscosity of fly ash nanofluid increased, while specific heat decreased as volume concentration increased. The effect of temperature on the fly ash nanofluid was directly proportional to its thermal conductivity and specific heat and inversely proportional to viscosity.     

多带OFDM-UWB系统峰均功率比降低方法研究

针对多带OFDM—UWB信号存在高峰均功率比的问题，提出了利用扩展与交织降低系统信号峰均功率比的方法。该方法通过对传输数据进行正交扩展与交织，使得进入多载波调制的数据趋于高斯分布，减小了传输数据自相关函数的旁瓣峰值，降低了OFDM-UWB信号的峰均功率比。由于采用正交矩阵进行扩展，扩展前后的数据传输速率保持不变。仿真结果表明，扩展与交织可以有效地降低信号峰均功率比2-5dB左右。同时该方法还具有抗窄带干扰的鲁棒性。     

ZnO基薄膜晶体管的研究

ZnO是一种宽带隙的光电半导体材料,能应用于很多领域,如可用在压敏变阻器、声表面波器件、气敏元件、紫外光探测等。ZnO也可以作为有源层应用于薄膜晶体管(TFT)中。ZnO基薄膜晶体管具有以下突出优势:对于可见光部分平均具有80%以上的透射率,迁移率可以高达36cm2/V·s,开/关电流比大于106,可在较低温度(甚至室温)下制备。基于这些优点,ZnOTFT具有取代有源矩阵液晶显示器中常规a-SiTFT的趋势。同时对ZnOTFT的研究也推动了透明电子学的发展。本文阐述了ZnOTFT优越的电学性能,指出了其目前尚存在的不足,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

提高催化裂化装置(FCCU)柴汽比措施

为了满足市场的需要,中石化天津分公司炼油厂根据FCCU自身特点采取了一系列提高柴汽比的措施,包括:调节反应系统和分馏的操作条件及采用MGD技术,以提高柴油产率。实施后,FCCU的柴汽比从0.5提高到0.9,创造了良好的经济效益。     

MD膜驱剂的粘土稳定性研究Ⅰ.静态试验

粘土的膨胀和分散是引起地层伤害的两个重要因素。通过测定Zeta电位、XRD、悬浮液透光率、FT-IR考察了MD膜驱剂（MDFFA）对粘土稳定性的作用。结果表明，MDFFA的浓度低于0．3 mmol／g（以蒙脱土质量计）时，蒙脱土悬浮液Zeta电位的提高是由于膜驱剂分子的吸附改变了蒙脱土的层电荷；高于此浓度时，Zeta电位进一步提高是由于双电层的压缩。随着MDFFA浓度的增大，蒙脱土的完全膨胀层向部分膨胀层转化，并且经水冲洗、浸泡后，其XRD谱峰位置变化不大。较高浓度的MDFFA，能有效地抑制蒙脱土的分散，且不会形成对地层有害的絮凝体。MDFFA使蒙脱土层间水的含量明显降低。     

丙烯酸/α-甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺共聚物智能水凝胶的合成及评价

由丙烯酸（AA）、α-甲基丙烯酸（MAA）和丙烯酰胺（AM）合成了具有很好DH敏感性和一定温度敏感性的智能水凝胶，考察了合成温度、丙烯酰胺、交联剂和引发剂用量对制备的水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。结果表明，在60℃下，单体从和MAA用量分别为100mmol和75mmol时，单体AM、交联剂和引发剂用量分别为反应物总质量的32．8％、0．2％和0．4％时，制备的水凝胶溶胀性能最好。考察了介质的离子浓度、pH值和温度对水凝胶溶胀比的影响，结果表明，离子浓度越大，水凝胶的溶胀比越小；水凝胶具有一定的DH可逆性。     

三重介质油藏干扰试井压力动态特征

在建立三重介质油藏试井解释模型的基础上，对该类油藏的干扰试井压力动态变化进行了研究；分析了井筒储存、表皮系数、窜流系数以及弹性储容比对观测井井底压力的影响。结果表明，表皮系数对观测井的井底压力没有影响，而井筒储存是否会对观测井井底压力造成影响取决于井筒储存系数的大小以及激动井和观测井之间的距离，窜流系数和弹性储容比对观测井井底压力的影响与单井试井的结果相类似。