CAST的工作原理与设计计算

详细论述了循环式活性污泥法(CAST)的工作原理，对该工艺的设计计算作了探讨，提出了设计方法，并提供了有关计算公式和操作时间分配。     

Anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m^?3 day^?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm³ per dm³ of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability.     

燃煤电厂污泥掺烧技术及其研究进展

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市生活污水量急剧增加。污泥作为污水处理后的附属产品,对环境影响极大,因此污泥的无害化、减量化、资源化处理迫在眉睫。燃煤电厂污泥掺烧是实现最大体积减少污泥的处置方法之一。发达国家和地区中,污泥掺烧工艺已逐渐成熟,在燃煤电厂的应用更为广泛。综述了污泥掺烧技术的现状,分析了燃煤电厂掺烧污泥造成的影响,并讨论了燃煤电厂污泥掺烧技术的未来发展方向。     

两种不同运行方式下好氧颗粒污泥培养及污染物去除性能对比研究

为了解决单一负荷或逐步提高负荷下培养颗粒污泥所需时间较长、污染物去除不稳定的问题,本文提出采用交替改变进水碳氮负荷方式,研究好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)形成过程及污染物去除效果。通过设计进水/曝气/沉淀/排水（S1反应器）和进水/曝气/停曝/曝气/停曝/曝气/沉淀/排水（S2反应器）两种运行方式培养好氧颗粒污泥,对比分析颗粒污泥形成过程中污泥形态变化、污泥沉降性能及对污染物去除情况。结果表明,S1反应器在第84天、S2反应器在第78天均可形成平均粒径为0.5mm的颗粒污泥,第115d时两个反应器内颗粒污泥的平均粒径分别为0.85mm、0.97mm。S1、S2反应器内的MLSS、SVI的质量浓度分别达到了4.94g/L-1、5.895g·L-1和80mL/g、46mL/g,S2运行方式下,形成的颗粒污泥更有利于微生物的生长,使反应器内维持较高的生物量且沉降性能更优。两种运行模式下COD、NH4+-N的去除效果变化甚微,TN、PO43--P去除效果差异较明显。S1运行方式下COD、NH4+-N、TN、PO43--P去除率分别为90.0%、99.7%、74.5%和85.0%,S2运行方式下COD、NH4+-N、TN、PO43--P去除率分别为94.0%、99.9%、94.4%和95.0%,与前者相比COD、NH4+-N、TN、PO43--P去除率分别增加了4.0%、0.2%、19.9%和10.0%。因此,进水碳氮负荷同步交替变化-进水/曝气/停曝/曝气/停曝/曝气/沉淀/排水方式可在更短的时间内培养出粒径更大、污染物去除性能更优的好氧颗粒污泥。     

剩余污泥资源化提取蛋白质方法的优选

剩余污泥中蛋白质的资源化利用是目前研究的热点,污泥预处理则是实现污泥中蛋白质释放的重要途径。为了进一步提高剩余污泥中蛋白质的溶出效果,选取热碱预处理、超声碱联合预处理、溶菌酶预处理对污泥进行溶胞,以蛋白质提取浓度为主要指标进行参数优化,并利用等电点法对粗提取蛋白进行纯化回收。结果表明：溶胞效果热碱预处理（pH值13、温度140℃、时间1.5 h,2 062.98 mg/L）>超声碱联合预处理（497.76 mg/L）>溶菌酶预处理（269.95 mg/L）,且在pH值为3时热碱预处理蛋白质纯化回收率可达62.42%。试验结果表明：热碱预处理在提取效果方面较另外两种方法优势明显,具有良好的利用前景。     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

评述了近年来城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展,重点介绍了生物处理的新方法:ANAMMOX–SHARON组合法、好氧同步脱氮除磷法和倒置A2/O法,并比较了各种工艺的优缺点。指出反硝化聚磷技术在倒置A2/O工艺中的应用将成为城市污水同步脱氮除磷研究的一个重要发展方向。     

滚筒式煤泥干燥系统的改进

对滚筒式煤泥干燥系统中往复式燃烧炉在生产中出现的问题进行了分析,找出了燃烧炉砌体缝隙生成的原因;采用新型浇注材料烧结整体密封耐磨陶瓷对炉体进行密封后,煤泥干燥系统生产稳定,燃烧炉热工效率大大提高,节约了能源消耗,干燥机的生产能力增加。     

Prediction of particle motion in a two-dimensional bubbling fluidized bed using discrete hard-sphere model

The solids motion in a gas-solid fluidized bed was investigated using a discrete hard-sphere model. Detailed collision between particles and a nearest list method are presented. The turbulent viscosity of gas phase was predicted by subgrid scale (SGS) model. The interaction between gas and particles phases was governed by Newton's third law. The distributions of concentration, velocity and granular temperature of particles are obtained. The radial distribution function is calculated from the simulated spatio-temporal particle distribution. The normal and shear stresses of particles are predicted from the simulated instantaneous particle velocity. The pressure and viscosity of particles are obtained from both the kinetic theory of granular flow and the calculated stresses of particles. For elastic particles the individual lateral and vertical particle velocity distribution functions are isotropic and Maxwellian. The observed anisotropy becomes more pronounced with increasing degree of inelasticity of the particles.     

苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥活性的抑制效应和恢复

通过间歇培养的方式，研究了苯酚对EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的抑制和恢复，并通过测定颗粒污泥中辅酶F420、胞外多聚物（ECP）等的含量，研究苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥微生物的毒性作用。结果表明，不同浓度的苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性都有一定抑制，苯酚浓度越高，抑制程度越严重。如果将苯酚从生物体中迅速去除，产甲烷活性可以逐渐恢复。苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥中辅酶F420 及胞外多聚物ECP的分泌都有抑制作用。