海水淡化水与地表水联合供水地区市政管网水质变化研究

研究了我国某海岛地区以淡化水与地表水联合供水时,城市管网的水质变化情况,对比分析了淡化水与地表水的化学稳定性情况,考察了浊度、Cl-和总铁含量等主要参数在管网内的变化规律。结果表明,虽然淡化水其化学稳定性较差,但在优质管网中完全能够满足城市供水水质要求;联合供水地区城市管网水质与管道属性和停留时间存在较大关系,这与普通供水地区城市管网情况基本类似。     

风碎钢渣的时效相变及性能研究

本文研究了常温常压下风碎钢渣的矿物组成、矿相形貌随时间变化的行为特性,及其活性随时间的变化规律。结果表明:风碎钢渣中硅酸二钙相具有时效重组现象,且其活性随时间延长而降低。     

Effect of seasonal variations and lactation times on aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of different species from Punjab, Pakistan

During October 2009 to September 2010, aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) levels were analyzed by HPLC-FLD in 356 milk samples of different lactating species (buffalo, cow, goat, sheep and camel) from Punjab (Pakistan). Recoveries of AFM₁ ranged from 92 to 97% and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.004 μg/L. For all lactating species the mean concentration of AFM₁ was significantly higher in winter season than in summer (p < 0.05). The results showed that 55, 56, 32, 58 and 27% of winter milk samples of buffalo, cow, goat, sheep and camel exceeded the EU maximum limit (0.05 μg/kg), compared with 38, 33, 21, 36 and 14% of summer milk samples, respectively. For all lactating species the mean concentration of AFM₁ was significantly higher in morning milks than in evening milks (p < 0.05). The percentage of morning milk samples exceeding the EU maximum limit was 72, 67, 69, 71 and 44% for buffalo, cow, goat, sheep and camel, while for evening milks percent non compliant rates were 39, 30, 18, 33 and 25%, respectively. The level of AFM₁ tended to be higher in animal species fed mainly on concentrate mixtures (buffalo and cow) than in other species grazing on fresh greens.     

卡拉麦里山南麓巴塔玛依内山组岩性特征

巴塔玛依内山组在卡拉麦里山(早期称克拉美丽山)南麓分布于双井子地区和火烧山北地区,是一套火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹沉积岩。双井子地区巴塔玛依内山组出露层序多而厚度大,可分为3个大的喷发旋回,8个岩性段,向南、北出露层序少且厚度小。火烧山北地区老山沟出露层序较全,厚度也较大,向西到五彩湾层序逐渐减少,厚度也相应减薄,在白碱沟巴塔玛依内山组底界应向南移约1 500 m.与下伏地层以超覆不整合接触为主。研究其岩性特征与厚度变化对滴西—五彩湾—沙帐—大井地区井下地层划分及油藏评价有重要意义。     

防伪纸的种类及发展前景

从八种不同的防伪纸类型分别阐述了我国常用的防伪纸的特点及应用并简述了它们的制造工艺,探讨了防伪纸的发展前景。     

基于分裂Bregman方法的全变差图像去模糊

针对全变差图像去模糊问题,提出一种基于分裂Bregman方法的全变差图像去模糊算法,利用分裂Bregman方法来优化其求解问题模型.首先,利用辅助变量及其二次惩罚泛函把全变差去模糊优化问题转化为一个等价的无约束优化问题;其次,基于Bregman迭代将其分解为两个子优化问题采用交替最小化方法进行求解;最后,根据子问题结构特点,采用离散傅立叶变换及收缩技术实现子优化问题的快速计算.实验结果表明,在不同尺寸模糊核条件下本文算法能获得有效、稳定的图像复原结果,相比FTVd、IRN去模糊方法,本文算法复原效果更好,计算更加快速.     

压敏储层渗透率分布规律研究

通过定义压敏油藏的无量纲变异系数,得到油藏渗透率变化的控制方程。在采用零维近似解的基础上,结合Laplace变换和Stehfest数值反演求解了无限大边界、定压边界和封闭边界3种外边界油藏单井生产的渗透率变化模型,并预测了这3种模型的渗透率变化趋势。结果表明,在油藏压力下降的同时渗透率会明显下降;随着压力不断减小,压力下降对渗透率变化的影响也逐渐减弱。而不同的油藏外边界会使渗透率呈现出不同的变化规律。     

基于整体变分模型的图像修复算法仿真实现

为了提高受损数字图像修复质量,将整体变分模型用于图像修复。采用Matlab编程工具对修复过程进行了仿真实现,克服了直接求解偏微分方程的困难。发现随着迭代次数的增加,被修复区域接近原图质量,当受损区域较小且受损区域灰度梯度不大时,看不出明显的修复痕迹。仿真实验结果表明,该算法复原图像的视觉质量好,算法收敛快,特别适合于线状裂痕的图像修补。     

单轴加载下热处理混凝土声电信号特征

为研究火灾发生后混凝土力学性能变化及结构失稳的前兆特征,对混凝土试样进行20、100、200、300、400 ℃的热处理,并进行单轴压缩实验,监测试样受载破坏过程的声电响应信号,识别结构失稳的前兆特征。结果表明：高温热处理后,混凝土试样的外观颜色、内部结构及力学性质均发生了变化,且目标温度越高,试样外观的色变越显著,裂隙发育越丰富,峰值应力越低,而峰值应变越高;随着目标温度的增高,声发射信号和表面电位信号更加活跃,且两种信号的响应与裂纹的扩展密切相关,能够反映试样内部结构损伤演化的过程;对声发射及电位的时序信号进行变异性系数统计,结果表明声发射的变异性系数在试样受载过程中相对稳定,并在试样失稳前具有快速增大至峰值的异常响应,可作为判断试样结构稳定性的前兆。相比声发射信号,电位信号的变异性特征在试样受载初期处于较高值,随后下降,并在试样失稳前快速增大至峰值。     

Determination of relationships between rumination and milk fat concentration and fatty acid profile using data from commercial rumination sensing systems

Milk fat production is highly influenced by nutrition and rumen fermentation. Rumination is an essential part of the ruminant digestive process and can serve as an indicator of rumen fermentation. The objective of this research was to quantify variation in rumination time between and within dairy herds and test for relationships between rumination time and milk fat production and fatty acid (FA) profile as a proxy of rumen fermentation. Our hypothesis was that rumination may indicate disruptions to rumen fermentation and that cows that spent less time ruminating would have lower milk fat due to these rumen disruptions. Data were collected from 1,733 Holstein cows on 5 commercial dairy farms (4 in Pennsylvania and 1 in New York) of 200 to 700 head using 1 of 2 commercially-available rumination sensing systems, CowManager SensOor ear tags (Agis Automatisering BV) or SCR model HR-LDn neck collars (SCR Engineers). Rumination data were collected for 7 consecutive days leading up to a DHIA test, summed within day, then averaged to obtain mean daily minutes of rumination time. Milk samples from the DHIA test were analyzed for fat content by mid-infrared spectroscopy and for milk FA profile by gas chromatography. Rumination data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Rumination time was related to concentration of specific odd- and branched-chain and trans FA in milk but was not directly related to milk fat concentration. Rumination time also did not contribute to models predicting milk fat concentration after accounting for other cow-level variables. There was a linear relationship between trans-10 C18:1 and rumination time that was positive after accounting for the effect of farm (partial R² of 2.97% across all data, 4.24% in SCR data, and 2.22% in CowManager data). Although rumination time was not related directly to milk fat, it was associated with differences in trans and odd- and branched-chain FA that have been demonstrated to change during subacute ruminal acidosis or biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression, which may affect milk fat and other production variables. These associations suggest that further investigation into using rumination data from commercial systems to predict or identify the presence of these conditions is warranted.