基于RS和GIS的上海市植被覆盖变化特征研究

利用1997、2000和2002年的Landsat TM/ETM 遥感数据,计算了归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)并剔除植被伪变化信息,同时结合GIS空间分析功能较为详细地研究了近几年来上海城市植被覆盖的动态演变特征.结果表明:市区植被覆盖变化不大,面积总体呈现增加趋势;与市区相比,郊区的植被覆盖变化较为明显且减少面积较多;植被减少部分主要为耕地,主要对应城镇和工业用地的扩展区,增加部分主要是林地和草地;市区和浦东新区一些工矿用地和未利用地转化为草地在很大程度上增加了植被面积.     

节约资源和保护生态系统的几个主要问题

分析了全球和我国的人口、水资源、绿色植被、土地沙漠化、大气臭氧层、温室效应的发展状况及其对人类生存和发展的重要性。     

岩质高边坡治理初探

岩质高边坡，因其缺乏生物赖以生存的环境，既使经过传统的加固措施，却因暴露于地表，受到风吹、日晒、雨淋等各种破坏性侵蚀作用，表层岩石很容易降低强度，发生剥蚀脱落，降低边坡稳定性，危及工程的安全性．针对岩质高边坡的特点，探讨了岩质高边坡的治理措施，介绍了一些新的边坡治理技术．高边坡治理既要注重稳定性，还要考虑生态环境问题，景观设计应成为边坡治理中的一部分．     

流域内森林植被对径流的影响

分析了大兴安岭地区呼玛河上游森林植被覆盖率变化对流域径流的影响。     

Mapping of Sahelian vegetation parameters from ERS scatterometer data with an evolution strategies algorithm

The West African Sahel rainfall regime is known for its spatio-temporal variability at different scales which has a strong impact on vegetation development. This study presents results of the combined use of a simple water balance model, a radiative transfer model and ERS scatterometer data to produce map of vegetation biomass and thus vegetation cover at a spatial resolution of 25 km. The backscattering coefficient measured by spaceborne wind scatterometers over Sahel shows a marked seasonality linked to the drastic changes of both soil and vegetation dielectric properties associated to the alternating dry and wet seasons. For lack of a direct observation, METEOSAT rainfall estimates are used to calculate temporal series of soil moisture with the help of a water balance model. This a priori information is used as input of the radiative transfer model that simulates the interaction between the radar wave and the surface components (soil and vegetation). Then, an inversion algorithm is applied to retrieve vegetation aerial mass from the ERS scatterometer data. Because of the nonlinear feature of the inverse problem to be solved, the inversion is performed using a global stochastic nonlinear inversion method. A good agreement is obtained between the inverse solutions and independent field measurements with mean and standard deviation of −54 and 130 kg of dry matter by hectare (kg DM/ha), respectively. The algorithm is then applied to a 350,000 km² area including the Malian Gourma and Seno region and a Sahelian part of Burkina Faso during two contrasted seasons (1999 and 2000). At the considered resolution, the obtained herbaceous mass maps show a global qualitative consistency (r²=0.71) with NDVI images acquired by the VEGETATION instrument.     

用混合像元线性模型提取中等植被覆盖区的粘土蚀变信息

基于混合像元线性分解模型,针对中等植被覆盖区提出了一种提取粘土蚀变信息的新方法。主要分3步实现:用混合像元线性分解模型提取植被覆盖丰度;对线性模型进行完善,并依此重构不含有植被信息的新的多波段图像;利用TM5/TM7增强粘土蚀变信息。经验证,提取的植被信息以及粘土类蚀变信息与实际吻合较好,与基于比值-主成分分析的方法相比有明显的优越性。
     

不同树种组的热带森林植被生物量与遥感地学数据之间的相关性分析

以我国云南省西双版纳的热带森林为例,分别对栎类林、其它阔叶林、其它硬阔叶林的生物量与其对应的Landsat TM数据及其派生数据、气象数据和地形数据进行了相关性分析。首先,利用森林资源连续清查的林业固定样地数据,通过各树种组的各器官生物量估算模型计算出各样地的森林植被的生物量。然后,根据样地的坐标来建立样地GIS数据库。其次,将同期的遥感影像、气象数据和地形数据与GIS数据进行配准,并从遥感影像中产生出一系列的派生数据。最后,在此基础上,分别对栎类林、其它阔叶林、其它硬阔叶林的样地生物量与其遥感数据和派生数据、气象数据和地形数据进行相关性分析。研究表明,栎类林的生物量与TM1、TM2、TM3、TM4、TM5、TM7、缨帽变换的亮度、绿度、湿度、VI3、DVI、PC1和PVI在0.05的水平上显著,而与其它因子在这个水平上相关都不够显著。其它阔叶林的生物量与降雨量在0.05的水平上显著,而与其它因子在这个水平上相关都不够显著。其它硬阔叶林的生物量与降雨量在0.05的水平上显著,而与其它因子在这个水平上,其相关都不够显著。     

基于知识发现和决策规则的遥感图像城区土地覆盖/利用分类方法

提出一种利用地类的色度信息、小波提取纹理特征、植被指数及形状知识等采用规则推理有效识别遥感土地类别的方法。采用知识发现和决策规则方法,可以充分吸收遥感专家的思想和工作经验,可以充分利用多种模糊性地学知识来提高遥感影像分类效果。最后通过实例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

The objective of this paper is to review research conducted over the past decade on the application of multi-temporal remote sensing for monitoring changes of Arctic tundra lands. Emphasis is placed on results from the National Science Foundation Land-Air-Ice Interactions (LAII) program and on optical remote sensing techniques. Case studies demonstrate that ground-level sensors on stationary or moving track platforms and wide-swath imaging sensors on polar orbiting satellites are particularly useful for capturing optical remote sensing data at sufficient frequency to study tundra vegetation dynamics and changes for the cloud prone Arctic. Less frequent imaging with high spatial resolution instruments on aircraft and lower orbiting satellites enable more detailed analyses of land cover change and calibration/validation of coarser resolution observations.The strongest signals of ecosystem change detected thus far appear to correspond to expansion of tundra shrubs and changes in the amount and extent of thaw lakes and ponds. Changes in shrub cover and extent have been documented by modern repeat imaging that matches archived historical aerial photography. NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) time series provide a 20-year record for determining changes in greenness that relates to photosynthetic activity, net primary production, and growing season length. The strong contrast between land materials and surface waters enables changes in lake and pond extent to be readily measured and monitored.     

临汾市近20年植被覆盖度遥感估算及动态变化分析

植被覆盖度是衡量植被生长状况的指标，对分析评价区域生态环境具有重要意义。以临汾市1998年、2007年和2018年Landsat遥感影像作为数据源，利用ENVI和ARCGIS软件，通过计算归一化植被指数（NDVI）值，利用像元二分模型，对临汾市近20年的植被覆盖度及其动态变化进行分析。分析结果显示:1998年、2007年和2018年临汾市的平均植被覆盖度分别为45.92%、58.76%和60.09%，处于递增的态势。在这20年间，极低覆盖度和低覆盖度的植被面积都有减少，而中等覆盖度、高覆盖度和极高覆盖度的植被面积增加。高覆盖度和低覆盖度的植被面积变化最大，高覆盖度的植被面积增加了3 063.14 km²，约占临汾市总面积的15.21%；低覆盖度的植被面积减少了3 192.38 km²，约占临汾市总面积的15.85%。说明临汾市的生态环境有所改善，这与该区水土保持项目的实施以及封禁治理有关。