淹没式MBR去除有机物动力学模型及其应用

针对淹没式MBR的工艺特点,以反应器内物料衡算为基础,建立了有机物去除的动力学模型——ROM模型,得出淹没式MBR对有机底物的去除速率Uy不仅与进、出水中的有机底物质量浓度S0、Sc和水力停留对间tH有关,还与膜组件去除的有机底物质量浓度Sm、污泥停留时间ts有关．利用ROM模型,可以预测反应器内活性污泥浓度X,确定污泥停留时间ts和不排泥条件下反应器内的最大活性污泥浓度Xmax,试验中以啤酒厂废水为例,对模型进行了验证,试验结果与模型计算结果基本一致．     

Fe/Cu催化还原法处理氯代有机物的机理分析

研究了多种氯代有机物在铁、铜二金属体系中的还原脱氯处理效果,着重分析了氯代有机物还原脱氯处理中的机理问题,探讨了还原脱氯反应的基本原理、还原脱氯反应中pH值的变化、出水中Fe2 浓度的变化以及有机物结构性质对还原脱氯反应的影响。     

纯钛滤芯外观质量问题解析

采用扫描电镜对产生外观质量问题的纯钛滤芯表面进行了形貌观察和能谱分析，并采用ICP分析方法对其原材料海绵钛及过程产品钛粉的化学成分进行了检测，综合分析各项试验测试结果，表明导致该质量问题的原因是纯钛滤芯在加工过程中受到了污染，非原材料原因。     

The Influence of the Ozonation Dosage on the Structure and Biodegradability of Pollutants in water,and its Effect on Activated Carbon Filtration

Laboratory tests underline the improvement which ozonation brings about in the removal of organic micropollutants in surface water with activated carbon filtration. Optimal ozone dosages correspond to the stabilization of the asymptotical diminution of UV absorption. HPLC analysis shows that, though ozone sometimes degrades organic compounds into more polar and less adsorbable products, improvement in GAC filtration is attained through increased bacterial activity, as revealed by measurements of ATP, of dehydrogenase and of oxygen consumed.     

Investigation into the migration potential of coating materials from cookware products

Twenty-six non-stick-coated cookware samples were purchased, covering a variety of products, coating/metal types and food contact applications. The polymer coatings were identified to be polyethersulphone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin and one coating for which no good match was obtained with infra-red library spectra. All of the products intended for stove-top use had a polymer coating containing PTFE. The coatings were analysed as purchased and after heating at 250°C for 30 min to simulate actual conditions of use. Total solvent extractables were measured and the overall migration was determined into simulants. None of the products exceeded an overall migration limit of 10 mg dm^-2. Coating materials were analysed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), by liquid extraction followed by GC-MS and by liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy with a particle-beam interface. Benzene was detected in two samples, at 1.4 and 2.4 µg dm^-2. These levels in the coatings are too low to give any detectable migration into foods. There was no detectable release of perfluorochemicals. Several other substances were identified and the worst-case migration was calculated. The origin of many of the substances detected was considered to be by pick-up from the printed packaging materials in which the cookware was sold. Potential consumer exposure was calculated. None of the substances identified had the potential to exceed their tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. To confirm these worst-case calculations, the migration of certain phthalates and of bisphenol A was measured into food simulants. Migration levels were very low.     

Removal of refractory organics and nitrogen from landfill leachate by the microorganism-attached activated carbon fluidized bed process

The microorganism-attached activated carbon fluidized bed (MAACFB) process was applied to treat a real landfill leachate containing refractory organics and a high concentration of ammonium nitrogen. The MAACFB process consisted of two fluidized bed reactors in series: anaerobic and aerobic.The MAACFB process was found to be effective in treating the landfill leachate. The MAACFB process removed about 60 and 70% of refractory organics and nitrogen, respectively, from the landfill leachate simultaneously and steadily over more than 700 days of the operation period. A mass balance of the organics around the MAACFB process revealed that most of the removed organics may be biodegraded.     

GC—MS法分析Fenton法处理焦化废水难降解有机物规律

利用Box-BehnkenDesign（BBD）的响应面分析方法（RsM）,对Fenton试剂法处理焦化废水4个主要因素：初始pH、H2O2用量、EH2O2]／[Fe^2＋]摩尔比及反应时间的交互影响进行了分析,得到二次响应曲面模型,表明COD的去除率与各因素存在显著的相关性,以[Fe2＋]：[H2O2。]（摩尔比）和Hzoz投加量交互影响最为显著。以优化条件pH值为3．60、m（H2O2）：re（CODcr）为1．95、[Fe2＋]／EH2O2]摩尔比为1：7．43、反应时间30．8min,分别处理原水、缺氧池出水、二沉池出水,COD去除率达到44．60％、47．30％、56．59％．GC—MS分析Fenton氧化法处理前后水样,表明Fenton体系中产生大量的·OH自由基,主要对焦化废水中的挥发酚类和含氮杂环化合物类污染物苯环上的c—c键进行攻击后断裂,降解产物以石油烃类为主及部分的酯类、醇类等．好氧工艺和Fenton法对挥发酚类去除效果显著．     

工业水处理流程中不同分子量有机物去除情况研究

本文研究了二个工业水处理系统各处理阶段水中溶解态有机物按分子量区段的去除情况，水中有机物分子量分布的测定方法采用超滤法，分子量测量范围为1000～70000。     

Sediment-water exchange in Lough Ennell with particular reference to phosphorus

The significance and evaluation of sediment phosphorus in the continuing eutropic conditions noted in Lough Ennell was assessed. A high positive correlation exists between the concentrations of total Fe, citrate dithionite bicarbonate (CDB) extractable Fe, organic content, total Al and a number of phosphorus fractions (total P, inorganic P, organic P, apatite P and CDB extractable P) for all samples recovered. A significant inverse correlation was noted between CaCO₃ and most of the other parameters measured whereas no correlations were found for Mn. The sediment adsorption capacity for orthophosphate was found to be about 450 μg P g⁻¹ sediment. Phosphate release from hypolimnetic anaerobic sediments was considered unimportant in the biological sense due to the lack of mobility of this nutrient to the photic zones. Bioavailable P in the littoral zones (assumed to be non-apatite inorganic phosphorus, NAIP) comprised 14.5 tonnes in the uppermost 2 cm sediment layer, which is about 2.5 times the average annual external total P load. Littoral zone sediments, which are normally aerobic, accounted for an internal areal loading of 134 mg P m⁻² yr⁻¹ which is equivalent to 17 and 30% of the average external total P and inorganic P loadings respectively. This internal loading is a major contributory factor in the continuing eutrophic status of the lake.     

Application of Granular Activated Carbon in the Water Industry

U ntil the mid 1980s granular activated carbon (GAC) was used in only a small number of water-treatment plants in the UK. Since then the material has been installed in over 30 plants, either as a result of an operational decision to treat the water by GAC or for the purpose of full-scale experiments. GAC is used for a variety of reasons including taste and odour control, removal of a wide range of synthetic organic compounds (for example volatile chlorinated solvents, pesticides, oils) of molecular weight 100–500, and adsorption of trihalomethane precursors (molecular weight 10³-10⁵). The performance of different GACs for a particular duty may vary by a factor of 10, and the best GAC for one application may be the worst for another. Thus, to minimize the cost of GAC treatment, it is essential to identify the purpose for which GAC is being used and then to select, by pilot trials or by more rapid laboratory procedures and mathematical modelling, the most appropriate GAC for that particular application.