Global insight into microwave stoneware firing: Macro and microstructural changes

Industrial competition and environmental concerns lead to the exploration of alternative and energy-efficient technologies for ceramic materials processing. The main objective of this work was to present microwave heating as a viable option for stoneware processing. Stoneware functional properties are presented and discussed, with emphasis on impact strength, water absorption, porosity, and color. Microstructure analyses show that microwave- and gas-fired samples have higher densifications than electrically fired samples. A relevant finding for processing conditions is that microwave firing requires temperatures approximately 100°C lower than those required by conventional firing. Microwave-fired samples’ rupture energies are approximately twice (0.57 ± 0.06 (J)) those of the reference samples (0.26 ± 0.03 (J)), and their water absorptions are approximately one-half (1.5% at 1170°C and 0.8% at 1190°C) of those of the reference samples (2.0%), whereas the water absorption of electrically fired samples at 1180°C has been estimated to be 7.5%. Color analysis also evidences a shift to lower microwave firing temperatures, what is attributed to the enhanced transformations promoted by microwave heating when comparing with the transformations promoted by conventional (gas or electric) heating.     

通过拟合磁化强度函数计算磁熵变

用振动样品磁强计测量DyCo2化合物的磁化曲线,采用二元函数在矩形区域的双一次插值逼近拟合出M (T, H )的二元函数表达式,然后根据磁熵变的热力学公式,计算出它的磁熵变值。通过计算得到DyCo2合金的居里温度为142 K,在外磁场变化为1 T时,最大磁熵变为5.45 J/kg·K,因而DyCo2合金是良好的磁制冷材料。计算结果表明这种计算磁熵变的方法可行,能够得到比较准确的结果。     

中国古陶瓷碗底足的变迁及其原因

碗底足的变迁是整个古陶瓷历史变迁的一个缩影。底足鉴定是古陶瓷鉴定的一个重要组成部分。针对碗底足变化的主要特征和碗底足变迁的主要原因，深入浅出地论述了碗底足经历的平底和圈足两大发展阶段，以及推动碗底足发生演变的窑炉技术、装烧方法、成型工艺等制瓷工艺原因和社会经济文化原因。     

Behavioral Changes in Workers of the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Induced by Chemical Components of Eucalyptus maculata Leaves

The response of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel workers to essential oils, epicuticular wax and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Eucalyptus maculata was evaluated. Hexane extracts of E. maculata interfered with the recognition mechanism among workers. The main active compounds identified from this plant were the sesquiterpenes elemol and beta-eudesmol. These compounds may be responsible for the resistance of this species to ant attack.     

日用低温陶瓷的制备原理

通过研究日用陶瓷材料在制备过程中发生的物理化学变化和最终产品的显微结构，得出日用低温陶瓷材料的制备原理，即在较低的温度下和较短的时间内完成制备日用陶瓷材料所需的物理化学变化，使制得的材料致密、均匀。具体的相抬构为，呈骨架状的晶体、填充在骨架中的玻璃相和均匀分布的由玻璃相连接的其他相。     

Dreissena in Lake Ontario 30 years post-invasion

We examined three decades of changes in dreissenid populations in Lake Ontario and predation by round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Dreissenids (almost exclusively quagga mussels, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) peaked in 2003, 13 years after arrival, and then declined at depths <90 m but continued to increase deeper through 2018. Lake-wide density also increased from 2008 to 2018 along with average mussel lengths and lake-wide biomass, which reached an all-time high in 2018 (25.2 ± 3.3 g AFTDW/m²). Round goby densities were estimated at 4.2 fish/m² using videography at 10 to 35 m depth range in 2018. This density should impact mussel populations based on feeding rates, as indicated in the literature. While the abundance of 0–5 mm mussels appears to be high in all three years with measured length distributions (2008, 2013, 2018), the abundance of 5 to 12 mm dreissenids, the size range most commonly consumed by round goby, was low except at >90 m depths. Although the size distributions indicate that round goby is affecting mussel recruitment, we did not find a decline in dreissenid density in the nearshore and mid-depth ranges where goby have been abundant since 2005. The lake-wide densities and biomass of quagga mussels have increased over time, due to both the growth of individual mussels in the shallower depths, and a continuing increase in density at >90 m. Thus, the ecological effects of quagga mussels in Lake Ontario are likely to continue into the foreseeable future.     

熔体快淬La1-xNdxFe11．5Si1．5（x=0，0．3，0.5）化合物磁性能和磁熵变

利用熔体快淬法制备了La1-xNdxFe11．5Si1．5（x=0，0．3，0.5）快淬带。通过X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计测试了回火态（1000℃，5h）La1-xNdxFe11．5Si1．5）快淬带的相组成和磁性能。结果表明：不同成分快淬带回火后均可得到稳定的NaZnl，型化合物。和常规的熔炼法相比，用熔体快淬法通过短时间的回火（1000℃，5h）可以制成具有大磁熵变的NaZn13型的化合物。用Nd替代部分的La后，居里温度略有提高，同时保持有大的磁熵变｜△S｜；并且随着Nd含量的增加，有效制冷温区有变宽的趋势。     

基于视频图像的火焰多特征检测

根据火灾发生时火焰的颜色、面积变化和火焰的纹理特征,提出一种基于视频图像的火焰多特征检测方法.着重介绍了对采集到的视频图像中的火焰进行颜色、面积变化的分析,并通过BP神经网络进行火焰纹理相似性的识别,以便得到更准确的火焰识别效果.     

基于拓扑结构变化趋势的MCL优化算法

该文提出一种高精度的移动传感器网络中实现定位跟踪的方法,该方法利用未知节点在运动过程中网络拓扑结构变化的信息提高锚节点利用率,并改善样本采集效率。在无拓扑结构变化的情况下采用牛顿插值方法对节点当前位置进行预测,当拓扑结构有变化时,采用拓扑结构变化构建适应值函数,并用粒子群算法优化样本点的质量。仿真实验结果表明,该文算法与传统算法相比加快了收敛速度,提高了定位精度,改善了在低锚节点密度时的性能。     

洪水位变化对岸滩稳定性的影响

为了较全面地了解洪水涨落对岸滩崩塌的影响,本文通过对洪水期岸滩受力分析,结合岸滩土体性质和洪水浸泡岸滩特点,给出洪水期岸滩稳定系数;进而分析了洪水降落期岸滩稳定性变化,指出洪水骤降时,长期洪水浸泡后黏土岸滩稳定系数将会大幅度减小;在洪水缓慢降落时,黏性岸滩稳定性减小,但减小幅度小于骤降的情况。通过分析对比洪水上涨、洪水浸泡和洪水降落等不同过程的稳定性,指出洪水迅速上涨期岸滩稳定性最好,依次为洪水缓慢上涨期、洪水浸泡期和洪水缓慢下降期,洪水骤降期岸滩稳定性最差。