酸性废水中As(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)与铁粉的反应行为

在Fe-As(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-H₂O体系中, 研究了酸性废水中As(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)与金属铁粉的反应行为, 考察了反应过程中As在气、液、固三相中的分配比。结果表明, As(Ⅲ)和Cu(Ⅱ)离子被Fe还原为单质As和Cu后, As、Cu进一步结合成Cu₅As₂等金属间化合物, 从而促进As(Ⅲ)沉淀反应的发生, 且无AsH3生成。在反应时间40min、铁粉过量系数1.2、溶液初始pH=0.0、温度40 ℃、Cu/As摩尔比1.0条件下, As在气、液、固三相中的分配比分别为0、20.7%和79.3%, 沉砷率为79.3%。     

餐厨污水就地处理与中水回用工艺的探索与实践

以无锡某厂食堂污水处理及中水回用为例,探讨采用"隔油+混凝沉淀+A^2/O+MBR"工艺就地处理餐厨污水,并将出水回用于厂区冲厕可行性。经过78 d的调试,该工艺实现了餐厨污水中污染物的去除,COD小于50mg/L,NH4^+-N质量浓度小于5 mg/L,总氮小于10 mg/L,总磷小于0.5 mg/L,大肠杆菌数小于2个/L,基本满足中水回用要求。经计算吨水处理成本9.83元,含电费、药剂费、人工费、污泥处理费及膜更换费用。结合中水回用节省自来水后计算吨水处理综合成本为5.23元,大幅降低公司对市政供水的依赖,降低公司用水成本。     

可持续煤矿矿井水处理与资源化技术综述

煤矿开采过程中会产生大量的废弃矿井水,不仅造成水资源的大量浪费,而且还威胁着矿区生态环境。本文综述了我国常见矿井水的常规处理方法,以及将矿井水视为水资源的可持续矿井水水处理与资源化技术,首次提出以“时间维度和空间维度”对矿井水进行全时空处理,并着重阐述了矿井水分级处理、分质利用技术,反渗透浓水处理与资源化技术,煤泥处理与资源化技术,以及重金属回收与利用技术等,对煤矿区矿井水处理与资源化利用具有指导意义。     

某污水处理厂MBR膜系统改造与运行管理

某污水处理厂设计规模为10万t/d,采用AAO+MBR工艺,设计出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。由于运行时间较长,MBR运行系统存在产能下降、膜丝断丝脱落、污堵和清洗频次以及强度增加等问题,严重影响正常生产运行。针对MBR系统运行中存在的问题,文中提出具体改造建议,并总结运行经验,进一步优化MBR膜系统的运行维护管理,为其他污水厂MBR膜系统运行问题提供解决思路和维护管理经验。     

Thermal treatment of waste photovoltaic module for recovery and recycling: Experimental assessment of the presence of metals in the gas emissions and in the ashes

The rapid expansion of the photovoltaic (PV) module market in the last years will determine in the near future a remarkable growth of corresponding waste. Then, the hazardous materials contained in the modules, such as Cd, Pb and Cr, could be released in the environment if the waste panels will not be handled adequately. Recycling processes of silicon crystalline panels, finalized to separate PV cells from the glass, involve the removal of the EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) layer through different methods, as the thermal treatment. During this treatment, some hazardous components can be released due to thermal degradation process. In this paper the metals released in the gas emissions and in the ashes due to the thermal treatment of modules were evaluated. For this purpose, three samples of crystalline panels were heated in furnace up to 600 °C and the complete degradation of the EVA was obtained. A mass balance between the sample and its components, before and after treatment, was performed in order to assess the weight loss percentage. Finally, after thermal treatment a qualitative analysis on the separated PV cell surface was performed by SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer).     

A Distribution‐freeCUSUMChart for Monitoring Variability of AutocorrelatedProcesses

We present a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart for monitoring the variability of an autocorrelated process. A quantity known as the asymptotic variance parameter is employed as a measure of the variability, and a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart is applied to variance estimates calculated from batches of nonoverlapping samples. The proposed chart is applicable to a stationary process with a general marginal distribution and a general autocorrelation structure. It also determines control limits analytically without trial‐and‐error simulations. The performance of the proposed chart is tested on stationary processes with both normal and nonnormal marginals with various autocorrelation structures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.