三峡库区木鱼包滑坡不同库水升降速率变形响应离心模型试验研究

本文采用地表位移监测和离心机模型试验研究了木鱼包滑坡在不同库水升降速率条件下的变形响应规律,取得以下认识:(1)木鱼包滑坡在重力和库水等因素作用下,促滑段不断挤压抗滑段而发生推移式蠕滑变形。(2)木鱼包滑坡变形主要受库水位高程和升降速率影响,降雨对滑坡的变形影响有限。165～175 m水位时,较高的库水上升速率才能造成月累计位移量大于30 mm的滑坡变形事件,而较低的库水下降速率则能造成大量月累计位移量大于30 mm的滑坡变形事件。145～165 m水位时,滑坡对库水升降速率的变形响应降低,滑坡月累计变形量基本处于30 mm以下。(3)滑坡的变形与库水浮力和动水压力有关。库水升降速率较小时,坡体内外水头差很小,库水浮力控制滑坡的变形;在库水升降速率提升后,坡体内外水头差增大导致动水压力增强,促使滑坡在库水抬升阶段的变形减弱,而在库水下降阶段的变形得到加强。(4)木鱼包滑坡的变形响应表现出自调节自适应性,首次蓄水对滑坡稳定性影响最为显著,后续的周期性库水升降过程中,对库水变动响应的敏感性有所减弱。以上研究结果可为三峡库区滑坡防治和库水调度优化提供有益借鉴。     

泵站进水池翼型导流板整流特性数值模拟

基于CFX求解器,针对具有通航功能的某小型闸站式侧向进水泵站进水池内的不良流态,开展了翼型导流板正交试验数值模拟研究。计算结果表明:无整流措施下,进水池流态紊乱,1～3号进水池存在大尺度的回旋区,流速分布不均匀,轴向流速分布均匀度仅为76.84%;在离进水池进口1D处设置4个仰角为25°的翼型导流板,进水池大尺度回旋基本消失,流速分布均匀,轴向流速分布均匀度为90.2%,提高了13.36%,水流平顺且均匀对称;翼型导流板可以有效破坏进水池内的回流,迫使破坏后的水流沿其上表面和下表面流动,流速分布均匀性得以改善。     

数字舵机激励信号加载方法的研究与实现

为了测试数字舵机的性能,自动测试系统需产生满足数字舵机测试要求的激励信号,本文通过研究数字舵机激励信号的产生条件,实现了一种数字舵机自动测试系统激励信号的加载方法,并对其性能进行了验证,实验结果表明,此方法符合数字舵机激励信号对于定时精度的要求。     

A Review on the Fundamentals of Palm Oil Fractionation: Processing Conditions and Seeding Agents

Fractionation is a well-established process adopted in the fats and oils industries. It involves the separation of low and high melting triacylglycerol under controlled cooling conditions into olein and stearin fractions with distinct chemical and physical properties. Amongst the other vegetable oils, palm oil is one of the most fractionated oils in the past few decades mainly attributed to its semisolid properties. The various fraction of palm oil allows it to be used in different types of food products such as margarine, frying oil, and cocoa butter substitute. In fractionation, proper control of the fractionation conditions is important to produce the fractions with desirable stearin and olein quality. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the fractionation conditions (crystallization temperature, agitation, cooling rate and crystallization time) that affect the yield and quality of the oil produced. Additionally, it also provides the latest updates on the influence of seeding agents (diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, hard fat, phytosterol, phospholipid, lecithin, essential oil, sugar, polyglycerol ester, and talc) used in fractionation. This article is useful to provide a fundamental understanding of fractionation to scientists from the industries or academia working in the fats and oils industries. Practical Applications: This paper provides an in-depth understanding of fractionation particularly on the parameters of fractionation in influencing the quality and yield of the stearin and olein produced. It also for the first time presents the effect of addition of various seeding agents on palm oil fractionation which can help the industry to select the appropriate seeding agents to improve the currently employed fractionation process. Thus, it can act as a guideline for the industry to understand and select the appropriate fractionation conditions when developing a new product using this approach. The fractionation conditions discussed here can also be used as a reference when fractionating other types of fats and oils as most of them share a common background.     

氧泵型催化膜反应器中甲烷氧化偶联反应(Ⅰ)——氧泵型催化膜的制备及其反应性能

本文采用1％Sr/La_2O_3-Ag-YSZ氧泵型催化膜反应器进行了甲烷氧化偶联反应研究。比较了不同制备方法的催化膜的反应性能,结果发现浸涂法(Ag-YSZ管随旋转轴转动涂制)制备的膜性能最佳。研究了操作条件对甲烷氧化偶联反应的影响。研究证明,传递氧与气相氧同时进料是一种较好的反应方式。结果表明,利用该反应器不仅可以简化分离过程,而且还可得到更高的C_2烃选择性。     

黄金峡水利枢纽工程大型水泵机组选型设计及运行调节研究

引汉济渭工程黄金峡水利枢纽是陕西省境内一项重要的大型跨流域调水工程,泵站装机容量和设计流量均为目前国内甚至亚洲在建和已建泵站之最,且调水过程复杂、调水流量分布范围宽广。在分析黄金峡泵站调度原则及运行方式的基础上,综合比较目前国内外大型泵站机组设计制造水平、枢纽建筑物及机电设备投资等因素,详细论证了大型单级单吸离心式水泵机组台数和性能参数的确定方法及其影响因素,并给出了黄金峡泵站机组选型设计的最优方案,同时论证了采用变频调节的必要性及其效果。研究结果可为大型调水泵站机组的选型设计提供参考。     

压力流化床燃烧煤水混合燃料泵送给料技术在国外的研究进展

压力流化床燃烧技术近二十年来在世界上得到很大发展。煤的湿法给料系统具有比干法输送系统更简单，运行调节更可靠等优点。煤水混合物可泵送的水分在２５％左右，煤的粒度一般为０～６ｍｍ，表现为非牛顿的假塑性流体特性，通过级配来达到一定的稳定性和良好输送性能，且流动阻力低，不用添加剂即可实现泵送，它的应用使压力流化床的燃烧制备和输送系统成本大大降低。     

基于不完全转移率的连续Markov 跳变奇异系统的H∞ 控制

研究一类不完全转移率信息的Markov跳变奇异系统的H∞控制问题,提出连续Markov跳变奇异系统的新型有界实引理,并将其推广到不完全转移率条件.进一步设计H∞状态反馈控制器,使得闭环系统在转移率部分未知的条件下随机可容许,且满足H∞性能H.所得结论涵盖了奇异矩阵模态依赖情形,且表示为严格线性矩阵不等式形式,利于工程实现.最后,通过仿真算例表明了所提出方法的有效性和优越性.     

神华煤直接液化油煤浆常温流变特性研究

研究了常温放置不同时间神华煤直接液化油煤浆随存放时间、测定温度、剪切速率的不同流变特性的变化规律,并分析了可能的原因.结果表明,常温放置不同时间,在相同温度和相同剪切速率下,油煤浆的黏度与油煤浆常温放置时间关系不大;相同的存放时间和相同的剪切速率,油煤浆黏度随着温度的升高而下降;在相同的存放时间、相同的温度和不同剪切速率下,油煤浆黏度随着剪切速率的增加而升高.     

A vapor collection and thermal desorption method to measure semiochemical release rates from controlled release formulations

Chemicals (bp 270–490 °C/1 atm) evaporated from a controlled-release formulation dispenser were carried by an airflow to a collector packed with a polymeric adsorbent. After a set time, the chemicals were recovered by thermally desorbing them onto a gas-liquid chromatograpic column. They were then separated and quantified. The apparatus is described, and the requirements for its successful use are discussed. The soundness of the thermal desorption technique was confirmed by comparison with another technique: solvent elution from the collector. The advantages of the former technique are discussed.Mention of a commercial or proprietary product in this paper does not constitute an endorsement of that product by the USDA.