青藏高原油气资源远景评价问题

位于全球特提斯巨型油气构造域东段的青藏高原是我国现今陆上面积最大、油气调查和研究程度最低的地区.尽管近些年来对青藏高原油气地质研究取得了大量成果,但是仍存在诸多尚未解决的基础地质和石油地质问题,从而影响并制约着该区油气资源远景评价.根据特提斯构造域演化、青藏高原大地构造属性、盆地基底以及新生代大陆碰撞、高原隆升对盆地的改造作用,提出了影响该区油气资源远景评价的10个重要问题,并对这些问题进行了讨论分析,指出了该区油气地质调查与远景评价中应进一步深入研究的关键问题.     

华北油田隐蔽油藏勘探实践与认识

随着勘探的不断深入,华北油田富油凹陷构造油藏的勘探程度越来越高,勘探对象日趋复杂,勘探难度越来越大。面临勘探现状,华北油田认真分析勘探形势,立足资源基础,解放思想,积极转变勘探观念,有意识地加强隐蔽油气藏的深入研究与勘探,先后在冀中坳陷的饶阳凹陷、二连盆地的巴音都兰凹陷、乌里雅斯太凹陷等发现了多个规模富集的隐蔽油藏。通过隐蔽油藏的勘探实践,取得了四点主要认识、六点重要启示,对今后深化华北油田隐蔽油藏的勘探具有重要的指导作用。     

关于松辽盆地内部地体碰撞的探讨

通过对地震资料中特殊现象的解释提出了松辽盆地内部东西地体碰撞的看法,合理地解释了松辽盆地滨北地区地质现象的形成机制,并且认为地体碰撞带可能是无机生油的有利场所。     

琼东南盆地断层封闭性研究

采用综合地质信息法和逻辑信息法对琼东南盆地主要断层的封闭性进行了详细研究,认为该区断层封闭性演化有逐渐加强和强—弱—强两类.研究表明,三亚组和梅山组沉积时期断层封闭性中等,现今断层封闭性较好;断层封闭性演化史与油气运聚的良好匹配关系是琼东南盆地形成大气田的重要条件.     

莺歌海盆地CO2成因及运聚特征的初步研究

在已获天然气地地化资料的基础上，重点论述了ＣＯ２天然气地化特征及成因类型，追踪和判识ＣＯ２气烃类气的气源，初步了ＯＣ２气的分布特征及控制因素，指出本区ＣＯ２气属壳源型岩石化学的成因，气源主要来自莺黄组中、下部含钙海相泥岩，与深部火山慢源的ＣＯ２气无关，谱不具深源的特征。     

Flood frequency and routing processes at a confluence of the middle Yellow River in China

Floods cause environmental hazards and influence on socio‐economic activities. In this study, we evaluated the historic flood frequency at a confluence in the middle Yellow River, China. A non‐parametric, multivariate, empirical, orthogonal function matrix model, which consists of time correlation coefficients of flood discharge at different gauge stations and flood events was used for the analysis of flood frequency. The model addresses the characteristics of confluent floods such as frequency and the probability in multiple tributary rivers. Flood frequency analysis is often coupled with studies of hydrological routing processes that reduce the flood capacity of the rivers. Flood routing to the confluence were simulated using kinematic wave theory. Results of this flood frequency analysis showed that flooding frequency has intensified in the past 500 years, especially during the 19th century. Flooding in streams above the confluence was more frequent than in streams below the confluence. Over the last 2000 years, concurrent flooding in multiple tributary rivers accounted for 67.5% of the total flooding in the middle Yellow River. Simulation of flood routing processes shows that the decreased flooding capacity and elevated river bed of the shrunken main channel leads to an increased flood wave propagation time (24–52.3 h) in the study area after 1995. The model indicates that human activities, such as constructions of the Sanmenxia Dam, have changed flood routing boundary conditions and have contributed to the increased flood frequency at the confluence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occurrence of Lawn Care and Agricultural Pesticides in the Don River and Humber River Watersheds (1998–2002)

Between 1998 and 2002, surface water samples were collected from several sites in the Don River and Humber River watersheds, both tributaries to Lake Ontario, and analyzed for a variety of pesticides, including those used for urban lawn care. Analyses included 152 pesticide active ingredients and eight metabolites. Samples were collected during base flow periods (i.e., dry events) and rainfall events (i.e., wet events). The objectives of the study were to determine which pesticides were detectable, whether there was a difference in the detection frequency between the two watersheds and between upstream and downstream in each river, and whether precipitation influenced the frequency of detection. Eleven pesticides and one metabolite were detected in surface waters of the Don and Humber rivers or their tributaries, with approximately 72% of samples containing at least one pesticide attributable to lawn care use. The pesticides and pesticide metabolite detected in this study included 2,4-D, atrazine, bromacil, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, dicamba, MECOPROP, metolachlor, metribuzin, and an atrazine metabolite (des-ethyl atrazine). Four pesticides exceeded federal or provincial water quality guidelines/objectives. Diazinon exceeded the provincial water quality objective in 28% of the samples taken. For the three other pesticides (atrazine, carbofuran and chlorpyrifos) exceedance of a water quality criteria occurred in less than 1% of the samples.     

鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地巨厚黄土地区地震采集技术

鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地表层地质地貌极其复杂，有巨厚黄土区、黄土-沙漠区及山前砾石-黄土区，独特的黄土地貌使得地震采集面临着诸多技术难题。根据以往巨厚黄土地区地震采集经验，采用多种方法系统地开展黄土表层结构精细调查，深入研究黄土地球物理特征及激发因素与表层黄土结构之间的关系，优选激发井位和井深，确保了激发效果；采用小道距、三线小线距、高密度空间采样技术，获得了高信噪比、高分辨率地震资料。研究表明，巨厚黄土地区地震采集时应优选激发井位和岩性，合理选择激发井深；坚持多深井组合激发、单井药量不宜过大总药量要大两项基本原则；采用高密度采样技术，提高采集资料的覆盖次数和信噪比。图10表1参15     

南流江流域水资源特点与保护对策

随着工农业发展和人口的增长，南流江流域水资源供需矛盾日益突出，水资源的可持续利用日益显得重要，针对流域水资源特点，提出加强水资源统一管理，实施跨流域调水，加强水资源保护等对策。     

大渡河流域梯级电站统一调度的初步研究

实行流域梯级电站统一调度,是流域水电开发落实科学发展观的必然要求。经过国内外实践,实现流域统一调度的时机已渐成熟。大渡河流域水电开发有限公司结合流域水电开发实际,通过建立流域水雨情监测网,开展群库水、电、网多环节的大系统综合调度研究,流域梯级电站控制模式研究,流域供电范围及开发时序研究,流域规划环境影响评价研究,以及龚嘴、铜街子电站梯级调度实践,在流域梯级电站统一调度研究方面已取得了初步的成果。对流域梯级电站统一调度的相关政策法规以及与电网调度衔接等问题,提出了若干对策。