多级结构MoS2/C复合材料的储锂性能

利用二硫化钼和葡萄糖为原料,采用一锅乙醇/水复合溶剂热-后热处理法制备了绣球花状结构MoS₂/C复合材料。考查了乙醇/水复合溶剂的合理组成和MoS₂/C复合材料中碳的合理含量,分别采用SEM和TEM表征了MoS₂/C材料的形貌结构,通过TGA测试和计算了材料中的碳含量。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试了MoS₂/C复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明,MoS₂/C复合材料拥有多级花球状结构,缓解了MoS₂的团聚,使电极材料的利用率和电化学稳定性显著提高。当V（乙醇）：V（水）为1：2,碳含量为50%时,MoS₂/C复合电极在200 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,充放电循环100次后,可逆容量达到762 mA·h·g^-1。     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

基于有限元方法的CeCl3和NdCl3在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电极动力学模拟

充分理解锕系元素和镧系元素在熔盐中的行为和性质是实现反应堆乏燃料熔盐电解后处理的关键,然而熔盐电解实验所需的高温环境、腐蚀性熔盐甚至放射性物质等条件限制了实验的广泛开展。为寻求一种低成本且可靠的获取元素在熔盐中性质的途径,采用有限元方法在不同温度下模拟了不同浓度的三氯化铈和三氯化钕在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的循环伏安曲线,并与实验数据做了对比。结果表明,有限元方法能够较为准确地反映实际电化学过程,继而为乏燃料熔盐电解后处理提供数据支持。     

Visualizing Extracellular Vesicles and Their Function in 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanostructures that mediate intercellular communication by delivering complex signals in normal tissues and cancer. The cellular coordination required for tumor development and maintenance is mediated, in part, through EV transport of molecular cargo to resident and distant cells. Most studies on EV-mediated signaling have been performed in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures, largely because of their simplicity and high-throughput screening capacity. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures can be used to study cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, enabling the study of EV-mediated cellular communication. 3D cultures may best model the role of EVs in formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cell-stromal interactions that sustain tumor growth. In this review, we discuss EV biology in 3D culture correlates of the TME. This includes EV communication between cell types of the TME, differences in EV biogenesis and signaling associated with differing scaffold choices and in scaffold-free 3D cultures and cultivation of the premetastatic niche. An understanding of EV biogenesis and signaling within a 3D TME will improve culture correlates of oncogenesis, enable molecular control of the TME and aid development of drug delivery tools based on EV-mediated signaling.     

用丝束电极研究混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的不均匀性

用8×8阵列丝束电极模拟研究了混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀.将混凝土试样浸泡在10 %NaCl溶液中,通过测量铁丝束电极的自腐蚀电位和极化电阻,获得了在相同埋置深度和不同埋置深度时,铁丝腐蚀的电位、极化电阻和腐蚀速度分布等信息,研究了混凝土结构和氯离子浓度对它们的影响.结果表明,混凝土中铁丝腐蚀不均匀.自腐蚀电位和极化电阻较分散,电位随时间负移、极化电阻变小,丝束之间的电位差增大.随铁丝埋入深度增加,电位负移量、氯离子浓度和腐蚀速度都减小、极化电阻增加     

人血清白蛋白对模拟宫腔液中铜的光电响应特性的影响

用动电位伏安法，动电位光电流测量，表面膜的阴极还原和XRD分析等手段研究了铜在含或不含人血清白蛋白的模拟宫腔液（pH=7)中的电化学和光电化学行为，在不含白蛋白的模拟宫腔液中，铜电极表面生成的Cu2O呈n型光响应；一定量白蛋白存在时使Cu2O的光响应从n型转为p型，Cu2O在模拟宫腔液中呈n型光响应可归因于氯离子对Cu2O的掺杂，白蛋白排斥氯离子对Cu2O的掺杂，使其光响应从n型转为p型。     

微小电极夹持送进机构设计

设计实现了一种微小电极丝送进机构，使电极丝在随主轴旋转并在轴向高精度的伺服进给控制下，可实现电极丝长距离的送进及损耗自动补偿。其中电极丝的夹紧切换由一个常闭夹丝机构和一个常开夹丝机结构执行，常闭和常开夹丝机构可由电磁或形状记忆合金致动控制。     

海洋平台大厚度焊接接头断裂韧度

依据BS7448断裂韧度试验标准(ISO／TC164／SC4-N400)，对采用埋弧焊(SAW)工艺施焊的、板厚为54mm的海洋石油平台大厚度对接接头试样进行了低温裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)试验。分别测试了-15℃下单丝和双丝埋弧焊工艺下焊缝金属和热影响区的CTOD值。试验表明，除双丝埋弧焊热影响区试件外，其余试件均满足挪威船级社DNV规定的最小特征CTOD为0．15mm的要求，为指导海洋平台的施工建造提供了科学依据。     

旋转电极电渣重熔过程电极熔速的理论解析

摘要：旋转电极电渣重熔通过改变结晶器内熔体的流动和传热规律,增强了渣池与电极间的对流换热,在提高电极熔化速率和生产效率方面具有巨大潜力。提出了电渣重熔过程电极熔化速率的求解方法,并考虑了电极旋转时的强制对流,基于多物理场耦合模型预测了电极直径、转速对电极熔化速率的影响规律。结果表明,随着转速提高,金属液滴由从电极中心滴落向电极边缘滴落转变,高温区由渣池外侧向渣池中心移动。当转速从0增大至90r/min,55mm直径电极的熔化速率从7.90g/s增大至9.68g/s,对比固定电极,转速为90r/min时,生产效率最多提高了22.5%;进一步增大转速,电极熔化速率反而减小。存在一个最佳转速可使熔化速率达到最大,且该最佳转速随着电极直径的增大而减小。     

旋转圆盘电极原子发射光谱法测定镍电解液中微量铜

镍电解液的复杂高盐基体对其中微量铜的监测产生干扰。将旋转圆盘电极原子发射光谱(RDE-AES)与标准加入法结合,无需样品前后处理,无基体效应,采用改进后的校准曲线测定镍电解液工艺流程中不同中间液中的微量铜。根据元素蒸发曲线,确定预燃时间6 s、采集时间7~30 s,预燃激发改善了盘电极的润湿性,从而保证进样量的稳定性;合理的曝光时间可以在保证分析元素强度灵敏度的前提下提高分析速度,单次检测时间小于35 s。选用Ni 324.845 7 nm为内标,校正激发行为和进样量误差。方法检出限为0.15 mg/L。按照实验方法测定镍电解液工艺流程中不同中间液中微量铜,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于12%,加标回收率为98%～110%。