催化装置分馏塔顶循换热器的防护

采用宏观腐蚀形貌观察、腐蚀产物及泄漏物成分分析、原料分析等方法研究了某催化装置顶循换热器腐蚀泄漏的原因。结果表明:催化装置进料氮含量较高,在顶循系统形成了氯化铵腐蚀环境,是造成顶循换热器的腐蚀的主要原因。针对腐蚀问题,提出对顶循换热器管束进行涂层防腐蚀处理的建议,实践表明,该方法有效减缓了顶循换热器的腐蚀。     

浅析美式荧光灯电子镇流器的标准要求及进展

由于美国和北美地区使用的电网、荧光灯管、灯管预热方法与欧洲和国内的有很大的差异,因此对于在该地区使用的荧光灯电子镇流器的要求与欧洲和国内的有很大的不同,其安全性必须符合UL935的要求,电磁兼容性必须符合FCC第47号法规第18章的要求,性能应符合ANSI C82.11等的要求。本文分析了标准对美式荧光灯电子镇流器的主要要求,并简单介绍了美式荧光灯电子镇流器的发展趋势,作为研究开发的参考。     

Examination of different lattice structures in porous electrodes using a three-dimensional conductivity model

In this paper a three-dimensional (3D) conductivity model previously developed for a porous electrode having a simple cubic lattice structure is expanded to include other lattice structure types. The other structures analyzed are the extended simple cubic (XSC), body centered cubic (BCC), and face centered cubic (FCC) lattices. As in the previous paper, we model the 3D lattice of nodes as identical spheres in electrical contact with each of its neighbors, and calculate the micro-porosity (i.e. the space between the spheres) for each of the three lattice structures. We use these theoretical derivations to analyze positive electrodes in lead acid batteries. We calculate the macro-porosity (i.e. porosity created by vacant node elements) needed to achieve a 50% total porosity for a lead acid positive electrode whose porosity distributions had been experimentally determined previously by other researchers. When the theoretical micro-porosities are compared to the experimentally determined porosity distributions, the sphere size for each of the lattice arrangements can be estimated. In addition, we estimate the critical volume faction (CVF) which is the maximum utilization of the positive electrode's active material for each lattice type. For these different lattice structures, the estimated node sizes vary from 1 to 10 μm and the critical volume fraction vary from 59% (SC) to 67% (XSC). An important result of this work is that the critical volume fractions for the physically realizable structures (i.e. SC, BCC, and FCC) are all very close to 60% which is the CVF for the 2D conductivity model.     

汽油醚化-脱硫醇装置的工艺标定与分析

对长庆油田公司第二助剂厂汽油醚化．脱硫醇装置进行工艺标定的结果表明，催化裂化轻汽油与甲醇醚化反应后，醚化汽油的燃烧性能与气化性能均有明显改善，产品质量得到很大提高。催化裂化重汽油经过脱硫醇反应器，杂质总体脱除效果较好，硫醇硫脱除率达31．0％。根据标定结果对汽油醚化．脱硫醇装置在操作中存在的问题进行分析，并提出了建议。     

钒对裂化催化剂的影响及流化催化裂化抗钒助剂的开发

研究了钒对分子筛和催化剂性能的影响 ,并开发出一种高活性固体的流化催化裂化抗钒助剂。随着钒含量的增加 ,分子筛的结晶度、比表面积、孔体积呈单调下降 ;而催化剂的催化活性大幅降低 ,选择性变差。抗钒助剂与其他类型的催化剂复配后 ,显示出较强的抗钒性能 ,能明显改善裂化产物的汽油、焦炭的选择性。     

A Survey of Novel Processes to Produce Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline

The restriction on sulfur level in gasoline has been increasingly tightened. The U.S.Tier Ⅱ regulation requires a reduction from average 340ppm to 30ppm from 2004 to 2008. Recently significant progress has been made in effective high sulfur removal, such as post treatment of FCC gasoline by selective hydrotreating, S Zorb sulfur removal technology, OATS process etc. The sulfur content of FCC gasoline can be deceased to less than 10ppm. With regard to gasoline pool composition in China, it is very important to look for effective desulfurization processes that are simple, straightforward, with less hydrogen consumption. Post-treatment of FCC gasoline is a preferred option. From the point of view of comprehensive utilization, alkylation, polymerization, isomerisation etc. can be added to desulfurization process to meet the requirement of ultra low sulfur, premium.     

Kinetic study of the catalytic cracking of polypropylene in a semibatch stirred reactor

A lumped kinetic model including both thermal and catalytic cracking and catalyst decay has been developed for the cracking of polypropylene in a semibatch stirred reactor. Two decay equations in where the catalyst decay is either a function of time on stream or function of coke on catalyst have been tested. The kinetic model fits very well the experimental results and is able to simulate the process in a wide range of operating conditions.     

采用在线磁分离技术回收催化裂化平衡催化剂再利用

采用强磁场磁选技术，可以有选择地、大量地从催化裂化平衡剂中剔除老化程度高、受重金属(Ni、V、Fe)污染程度深的催化剂颗粒，使催化剂平衡活性得到改善，在减少新鲜催化剂补充量的基础上，提高原料油的总体转化水平。着重考察了华北、燕山等6家炼油企业催化裂化平衡催化剂经强磁场磁选后，回收部分的产率与磁化率的关系，以及采用最佳磁化率下的低磁剂样品与其原始平衡剂和高磁剂的重金属含量、微反活性的对比关系，提出了强磁场磁选技术在催化裂化工艺中的应用模式。     

催化裂化过程建模与稳态优化控制

催化裂化装置是一个高度非线性、时变和长时延、强耦合、分布参数和不确定性的复杂系统.在研究其过程机理的基础上,定义了一种模糊神经网络用以建模,用自相关函数检验法检验模型的正确性,再用改进的Frank-Wolfe算法进行稳态优化计算.并以一炼油厂催化裂化装置为对象进行试验,研究其辨识、建模和稳态优化控制.     

FS法精制催化裂化柴油

采用自行研制的FS化学精制剂和FS01络合捕集剂精制催化裂化柴油，以改善催化裂化柴油的氧化安定性。结果表明，在剂油质量比为1：350时，催化裂化柴油色度降低，碱性氮脱除率可达54．2％，实际胶质脱除率可达79．3％，总不溶物降低2mg／L，柴油收率达99．85％。精制后柴油储存安定性显著提高，储存3个月后，仍满足国家一级品质量要求。