Improving the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 via hybridizing with graphene

In this paper an improvement in the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ was carried out via hybridizing with graphene. Graphene-TiO₂ (GR-TiO₂)nanocomposites with different weight addition ratios of graphene oxide (GO) have been prepared via a facile microwave irradiation of GO and tetrabutyl titanate in isopropyl alcohol. Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) are employed to determine the properties of the samples. Microwave irradiation can heat the reactant to a higher temperature in a short time, simultaneously GO is reduced to graphene and TiO₂ nanoparticles grown on the surface of GR. GR-TiO₂ nanocomposites synthesized via this approach have efficient electron conductivity in GR, resulting in a reduced electron-hole recombination rate. Among the synthesized nanocomposites, GT-8wt% exhibited the best photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic degradation of MB. Our current work provides a new insight for the fabrication of GR-TiO₂ nanocomposites within a short reaction time and also explains the mechanism of photocatalysis employing radical and hole scavengers.     

测井资料在生油岩评价中的应用

介绍了生油岩的测井响应特征、有机质特点及生油岩定性、定量评价方法.依据生油岩在不同测井曲线上的响应特征,利用电阻率、声波时差、自然伽马能谱等测井信息,采用自然伽马能谱测井定性识别生油岩、声波-电阻率法定量计算生油岩参数、利用岩心分析的有机碳含量与铀、钍、钾的关系回归计算评价生油岩等不同的方法,以滋2井、林30井、莱64井生油岩的定性、定量测井评价为例,分析测井资料在生油岩评价中的应用,在对不同的计算方法的结果进行误差对比分析后,认为测井资料在生油岩评价方面的应用效果明显.     

CWPO法降解酸性大红GR模拟废水催化剂的制备

以金属氧化物Cu O为主活性组分,Zn O为第二活性组分并掺杂电子助剂Ce O2,采用浸渍法制备出适用于CWPO工艺处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水的复合催化剂Cu O-Zn O-Ce O2/γ-Al2O3。考察了各组分浸渍液浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂催化活性的影响,确定了较佳制备条件。结果表明:优化制备的Cu O-Zn O-Ce O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用于处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水时具有较好的催化活性,在催化剂2 g,搅拌速度为300 r/min,水浴温度60℃,p H为5,0.4 m L 30%H2O2,反应时间2 h条件下处理100 m L 600 mg/L酸性大红GR模拟废水,CODCr去除率达到82.46%,而在相同反应条件下未加催化剂时CODCr去除率只有52.60%。更多还原     

四乙烯五胺接枝膨润土对酸性大红GR的吸附性能

在膨润土（Bent）表面接枝四乙烯五胺（TEPA）制备四乙烯五胺改性膨润土（TEPA/Bent）,利用FTIR（红外光谱仪）、XRD（X射线衍射仪）、EA（元素分析）、SEM（扫描电镜）和EDS（能谱仪）对其进行表征分析,并考察对水体中阴离子染料酸性大红GR的吸附性能。结果表明：TEPA成功接枝于膨润土表面,提高了膨润土对酸性大红GR的吸附量;pH对TEPA/Bent表面电位和吸附量影响较大;随着初始pH的增大,TEPA/Bent的zeta电位由正变为负,对酸性大红GR吸附量减少;在pH=3,染料初始质量浓度为100mg/L条件下,TEPA/Bent对酸性大红GR的吸附量可达44.63mg/g;TEPA/Bent对酸性大红GR的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,为单分子层吸附;吸附热力学表明该吸附为自发吸热过程。吸附剂经过5次再生后,吸附量仍保持为初始80%以上。研究表明,TEPA/Bent是从水溶液中去除阴离子染料的潜在有效吸附剂。     

沸石负载氧化铜工艺条件的优化及其处理酸性大红GR废水

采用正交试验法考察了m(沸石)/V(硝酸铜溶液)(g.mL-1)、硝酸铜溶液浓度(mol.L-1)、焙烧温度(℃)和焙烧时间(h)对色度和COD去除率的影响,通过直观分析、方差分析和因素趋势图分析,确定了沸石负载氧化铜的最佳工艺条件:m(沸石)/V(硝酸铜溶液)=1∶4 g.mL-1,硝酸铜溶液浓度为1.0 mol.L-1,焙烧温度为400℃,焙烧时间为5 h。用上述最佳条件下制备的催化剂样品处理酸性大红GR废水,色度和COD去除率分别达到99.97%和88.27%,相应的出水色度和COD指标分别为6稀释倍数和76 mg.L-1,达到GB 4287-92《纺织染整工业污染物排放标准》规定的一级排放标准。     

Effects of ready to drink teas on AhR- and PXR-mediated expression of cytochromes P450 CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 in human cancer cell lines and primary human hepatocytes

A variety of xenobiotics are taken in the diet and they can interfere with regulatory pathways of drug metabolizing enzymes in humans. This can result in food-drug interactions, which is undesirable clinical situation where drug pharmacokinetics are influenced by dietary compounds. Xenobiotics-mediated food-drug interactions include the induction of drug metabolizing cytochromes P450. The expression of the most important inducible cytochromes CYP1A and CYP3A4 are regulated by xenoreceptors PXR and AhR.We examined extracts from 17 different flavoured ready to drink teas (RDTs) for their capabilities to activate PXR and AhR receptors and to induce CYP3A4 and CYP1A genes. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes and cancer cell lines HepG2 and LS174T were used as in vitro models. Gene reporter assays, RT-PCR and Western blots were performed.We identified three RDTs that induced CYP3A4 mRNA and protein, implying a potential for food-drug interactions. Several RDTs slightly elevated CYP1A1 expression or activated AhR.     

安塞油田长61^1-2心小层单砂体界面识别及划分方法

安塞油田长61^1-2小层是主力开采油层,总体连片性较好、稳定性较强。但是细分到单砂体上,发现单砂体稳定性差,变化较快,常有尖灭,且单砂体间泥质夹层发育。这些特征说明建立一套单砂体划分方法、研究单砂体结构形态具有重要意义,单砂体研究可以给改善油藏开发效果提供新的思路。以长61^1-2小层为对象,通过野外露头和井下对比,研究单砂体形成背景及规律,建立了单砂体划分方法。划分标准以GR曲线为核心,划分界限为0．4-0．5（归一化值,无量纲）。     

Mild alkaline pre-treatments loosen fibre structure enhancing methane production from biomass crops and residues

Three ligno-cellulosic substrates representing varying levels of biodegradability (giant reed, GR; fibre sorghum, FS; barley straw, BS) were combined with mild alkaline pre-treatments (NaOH 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 N at 25 °C for 24 h) plus untreated controls, to study pre-treatment effects on physical-chemical structure, anaerobic digestibility and methane output of the three substrates. In a batch anaerobic digestion (AD) assay (58 days; 35 °C; 4 g VS l⁻¹), the most recalcitrant substrate (GR) staged the highest increase in cumulative methane yield: +30% with NaOH 0.15 N over 190 ml CH₄ g⁻¹ VS in untreated GR. Conversely, the least recalcitrant substrate (FS) exhibited the lowest gain (+10% over 248 ml CH₄ g⁻¹ VS), while an intermediate behaviour was shown by BS (+15% over 232 ml CH₄ g⁻¹ VS). Pre-treatments speeded AD kinetics and reduced technical digestion time (i.e., the time needed to achieve 80% methane potential), which are the premises for increased production capacity of full scale AD plants. Fibre components (cellulose, hemicellulose and acid insoluble lignin determined after acid hydrolysis) and substrate structure (Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy) outlined reductions of the three fibre components after pre-treatments, supporting claims of loosened binding of lignin with cellulose and hemicellulose. Hence, mild alkaline pre-treatments were shown to improve the biodegradability of ligno-cellulosic substrates to an extent proportional to their recalcitrance. In turn, this contributes to mitigate the food vs. fuel controversy raised by the use of whole plant cereals (namely, maize) as feedstocks for biogas production.     

Delicaflavone通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路调控上皮-间质转化抑制吉非替尼耐药肺癌PC-9/GR细胞迁移和侵袭

目的：研究Delicaflavone对人吉非替尼耐药肺癌PC-9/GR细胞迁移与侵袭作用及机制。方法：采用MTT法检测Delicaflavone对PC-9/GR细胞存活率的影响;采用细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验测定Delicaflavone对PC-9/GR细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;采用Western blotting法检测Delicaflavone对PC-9/GR细胞基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinases 9, MMP-9）、基质金属蛋白酶2（matrix metalloproteinases 2, MMP-2）、钙黏连蛋白（E-cadherin, N-cadherin）、波形蛋白（vimentin）及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达情况。结果：与对照组比较,20 mg/L Delicaflavone作用24 h能显著抑制PC-9/GR细胞的细胞活性（P<0.05）,而浓度在10 mg/L以下时则对细胞活性无明显影响。Delicaflavone能够浓度依赖性地抑制PC-9/GR细胞的迁移率、侵袭细胞数量（P<0.05和P<0.01）,并能浓度依赖性地减少PC-9/GR细胞迁移标记蛋白（MMP-9和MMP-2）的表达（P<0.01）,上调E-cadherin、下调N-cadherin和Vimentin的表达（P<0.01）。此外,Delicaflavone还浓度依赖性地减少p-PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR表达（P<0.01）。 结论：Delicaflavone具有抑制PC-9/GR细胞迁移及侵袭能力的作用,该作用与Delicaflavone通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路调控上皮-间质转化有关。     

Ni对ASTM A572GR.65钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

研究了在ASTMA572GR.65钢焊接接头中添加Ni金属粉末后改善其组织和性能的技术,从力学性能和微观组织等方面详细分析了接头性能改善的原因.其结论如下:适量的Ni元素添加进ASTMA572GR.65钢焊接接头后细化了焊缝的金相组织,增大了针状铁素体与先共析铁素体体积含量比,从而在改善焊接接头的抗拉强度和显微硬度的同时,显著提高了焊缝的冲击韧度,为开发ASTMA572GR.65钢专用焊材奠定了理论基础.