CuO-containing MCM-48 as catalysts for phenol hydroxylation

The CuO–MCM-48 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation technique were originally used as the catalysts, with high phenol conversion and diphenol selectivity, for phenol hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the optimized reaction conditions over these catalysts for phenol hydroxylation were acquired.     

模板剂对MCM-41介孔分子筛结构的影响

以微硅粉为硅源,利用水热合成法成功制备出MCM-41介孔分子筛,利用XRD、N2吸附曲线和TEM等测试方法对样品进行了表征,结果表明,模板剂的用量对样品的结构具有显著的影响,当CTAB／SiO2的摩尔比为0．15时,样品的结构有序性最高;混合模板剂可明显提高样品的比表面积和孔容,合成的MCM-41介孔分子筛比表面积从299m2／g提高到837．3m2／g,孔容从0．051cm。／g提高到0．79cm3／g。     

49-2游泳池式反应堆超设计基准事故的筛选与分析

为保证49-2游泳池式反应堆在超寿期下的安全运行,需进行超设计基准事故分析。由于难以采用概率安全评价(PSA)方法进行分析,所以本文无条件假设最严重事故来得到一保守结果。主要分析了全厂断电下未能紧急停堆的预期瞬变(ATWS)、水平孔道断裂和停堆后堆芯完全裸露的事故,以及应急能力。结果表明:在全厂断电ATWS下堆芯是安全的;水平孔道断裂及其他因素造成失水时,只要2.5h内堆芯不裸露即可保证燃料元件不熔化;非能动破坏虹吸能力和多样的应急补水方式能保证堆芯不裸露。     

硅铝胶老化温度对气相转移法合成MCM-22分子筛的影响

以硅酸为硅源、偏铝酸钠为铝源制备硅铝胶,采用气相转移法(VPT)合成了MCM-22分子筛。采用TG-DTA,~(27)AlMAS NMR,~(29)Si MAS NMR等方法对硅铝胶进行了表征,讨论了硅铝胶老化温度对硅铝胶结构及合成MCM-22分子筛的影响。实验结果表明,硅铝胶老化温度的改变影响硅铝胶的含水量和Si的存在形式,导致在合成MCM～22分子筛过程中硅铝胶能够提供的结构单元不一样,从而影响MCM-22分子筛的合成。硅铝胶老化温度为80℃时,硅铝胶的含水量最高,Si的存在形式更具多样性,有利于硅铝胶后期的晶化合成。     

Estimating energy conservation patterns of Greek households

This paper develops an empirical model to investigate the main determinants of household energy conservation patterns in Greece employing cross-section data. In the empirical analysis, household energy-conserving choices models are employed, using a discrete and a latent trait variable respectively as a dependent variable. The results show that socio-economic variables such as consumers’ income and family size are suitable to explain differences towards energy conservation preferences. In addition, the results suggest that electricity expenditures and age of the respondent are negatively associated with the number of energy-conserving actions that a consumer is willing to adopt. Finally, other variables such as environmental information feedback and consciousness of energy problems are characteristics of the energy-saver consumer. By evaluating consumer's decision-making process with regards to energy conservation measures, we are able to formulate and propose an effective energy conservation framework for Greece. An energy policy framework is among the main prerequisites not only to achieve sustainable development but also to maintain consumers’ quality of life.     

以MCM-41为载体担载Ni-Mo硫化物制备柴油深度加氢脱硫催化剂

用全硅MCM-41担载Ni-Mo双金属活性组分制备了高活性加氢脱硫催化剂,并考察了其对二苯并噻吩(DBT)、4-甲基二苯并噻吩(4-MDBT)、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)和高硫直馏柴油加氢脱硫反应的活性。结果表明,所研制的催化剂对DBT、4-MDBT、4,6-DMDBT和高硫直馏柴油(w_S=2.83％)均具有很高的加氢脱硫活性。该系列催化剂的最佳Ni/Mo原子比为0.75,高于以γ-Al_2O_3作载体的传统Ni-Mo催化剂的最佳原子比。在DBT的加氢脱硫反应中,双组分催化剂低温下(<300℃)生成环己烷基苯(CHB)的选择性高于联苯(BP),与MoO_3/MCM-41的产物分布不同。随着温度的升高,CHB的选择性显著下降,而生成苯和环己烷的选择性显著提高,说明裂解产物主要由CHB分解而得。由TPR谱图可知,Mo和Ni活性组分在表面存在相互作用,从而使得氢耗特征温度发生变化。在Ni/Mo原子比为0.75时,TPR谱上出现4个特征峰,说明Mo和Ni的配伍性和协同作用对于提高催化剂活性很重要。     

Implicit gradient elasticity

A new formulation of gradient elasticity is derived and implemented. Padé approximations are used to introduce an implicit relation between non‐local strains and displacements. As a result, the finite element interpolation requires only ??⁰‐continuous (rather than ??¹‐continuous) shape functions. The underlying energy functional is presented and it is found that the present formulation is of the mixed type, whereby the non‐local strains act as the primary unknowns and the displacements as the auxiliary unknowns. The implications on the interpolation are studied. Finally, the influence of the additional length scale parameter on the global response is assessed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MCM-56分子筛的合成和应用

分子筛MCM - 56是一种具有独特孔道结构的硅铝沸石 ,具有热稳定性好、比表面积大、吸附性强等特点。对MCM - 56分子筛的合成及在催化和吸附方面的应用做了介绍     

The formation mechanisms of multi-wall carbon nanotubes over the Ni modified MCM-41 catalysts

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition (thermal CVD) of CH₄ by using Ni-MCM-41 as the catalyst. Methane pyrolysis has been performed in a quartz tube reactor over the catalyst surface to form carbon atoms via dehydrogenation process. The migration and rearrangement of the surface carbon atoms result in the formation of MWCNTs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the morphologies and structures of CNTs, and Raman spectroscopy was exploited to analyze their purity with the relative intensity between the D-band (Disorder band) in the vicinity of 1,350 cm⁻¹ which is characteristic of the sp³ structure and G-band (Graphitic band) in vicinity of 1,580 cm⁻¹ which is characteristic of the sp² structure. In addition, the controlling factors of methane pyrolysis such as the catalyst composition; the reaction temperature, and the methane flow rate on the formation of MWCNTs were investigated to optimize the structure and yield of MWCNTs. SEM/TEM results indicate that the yield of the CNTs increases with increasing Ni concentration in the catalyst. The optimized reaction temperature to grow CNT is located between 640 and 670 °C. The uniform and narrow diameter MWCNTs form at lower flow rate of methane (∼30 sccm), and non-uniform in diameter and disorder structure of MWCNTs are observed at higher flow rate of methane. This is consistent with Raman analysis that the relative intensity of I _D/I _G increases with increasing methane flow rate. The formation mechanisms of the MWCNTs on the Ni-MCM-41 catalyst have been determined to be a Tip-Growth mode with a nanoscale catalyst particle capsulated in the tip of the CNT.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silicon Oxynitride MCM-41 with High Nitrogen Content

Mesoporous silicon oxynitrides MCM-41 were synthesized saccessfully. The resulttng materials not only have high nitrogen contents and good structural characteristics of MCM-41 ( high surface area, narrow pore size distribution and good order), but also are amorphous. The composition and structure of the materials were investigated by CNH elemera analysis, XPS, Si MAS NMR, XRD , HRTEM and N2 sorption, respectively.Mesoporous silicon oxynitrides MCM-41 with a high nitrogen contera are still non-crystal (amorphous).