Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lead during Chinese mid-autumn festival

The emission factors of total particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), BaP-equivalent doses (BaP(eq)) and Pb for burning three kinds of charcoal were investigated in this study: fast-lighting charcoal, Taiwanese, and Indonesian charcoal (the latter two of which are not fast-lighting). Compared to the burning of Taiwanese and Indonesian charcoal, the burning of fast-lighting charcoal can emit much larger amounts of total PAHs, BaP(eq) and Pb into the atmosphere. The emission factors of total PAHs, BaP and BaP(eq) for broiling meat were noticeably higher than those for broiling vegetables and non-fish seafood. When using Indonesian charcoal to broil meat, the total emission factors of particulate PAHs and BaP were about 15.7 and 0.39 mg/kg, respectively. The total amounts of particulate PAHs and Pb emitted from cookouts during Mid-Autumn Festival were 2881 and 120 g, respectively. Total PAHs and BaP(eq) in PM(10) aerosols on Mid-Autumn Festival nights increased about 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, higher than those on non-festival nights. The mean concentration of Pb on the nights of Mid-Autumn Festival increases to about 2.8 times that of non-festival nights.     

塑料食品包装制品中多环芳烃的分析及检测

通过模拟向聚酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)两类包装材料中添加回收塑料,探索了塑料食品包装中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源,并对样品中的PAHs进行分析检测.由新料加工制成的样品中不含PAHs;添加回收料的样品中出现了PAHs的累积与放大;添加回收料并引入氯源(PVC)的样品,经反复加工,其有害物质的含量增加,组分更趋复杂.结果表明,添加回收塑料的包装制品中含有大量有害物质,如萘、苊烯、苊等2～3环的多环芳烃.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diet: Concern for public health

BackgroundExposure to carcinogenic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is responsible for numerous human health problems. Diet has been found responsible for nearly 88–98% exposure to PAHs in humans. Different studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the role of food processing techniques and food matrix in PAHs' formation and adsorption, which has helped in establishing regulations and guidelines.Scope and approachThe present review focuses on the published research articles on concentrations and profile of PAHs in Indian food products. The levels in Indian diet were compared with those reported for similar food products and categories in international studies, and the associated gaps and future prospects were discussed. This paper holds importance for public health especially for societies having an Indian-influenced diet.Key findings and conclusionsIndian food products belonging to Beverages, Oils, Fruits, Vegetables, Supplements, Chocolates, Traditional items and Marine foods category accumulated PAHs during pre- and post-harvest stages and acted as the main sources of PAHs' exposure to humans. Compared to worldwide studies, studies focusing on PAHs in Indian food products are very few, basic in nature and limited in scope.     

柴油机燃用生物柴油的多环芳香烃排放试验研究

在一台直喷式增压柴油机上进行了生物柴油、柴油及其掺混油B20的排放特性试验,分别用玻璃纤维滤膜和“聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫（PUF）＋XAD．2”采集了尾气排放物中的颗粒相和气相多环芳香烃（PAHs）,并用色谱．质谱联用仪对PAHs进行了分析。结果表明：生物柴油的颗粒相、气相以及总PAHs的排放在大多数工况下低于柴油,其平均排放浓度均低于柴油。3种燃料的二环PAHs排放均在50％,生物柴油的三环以上PAHs所占比例均低于柴油。生物柴油PAHs排放的毒性当量与柴油相比有较大程度地下降。燃用生物柴油可以降低柴油机PAHs排放物对人体的危害。     

不同类型机动车尾气中致癌多环芳烃含量分析

对柴油车、汽油车、液化石油气车、清洁燃料车等尾气中的致癌多环芳烃含量进行了测定，比较发现不同类型机动车在加速和怠速工况下总悬浮颗粒物和粒径为2．5μm可吸入颗粒物中的致癌多环芳烃的含量不同，未使用清洁燃料和净化器的机动车尾气中的致癌多环芳烃的含量很高。因此认为，使用清洁燃料并使用净化器加强机动车改造，可减少向大气中排放的致癌多环芳烃的含量。     

烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃的来源及控制方法

阐述烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃的来源及影响因素、控制其产生的方法,对采取科学合理的预防措施有重要意义.     

烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃的提取及检测分析

烟熏肉制品作为肉类加工制品的一大类,由于其独特的风味深受广大消费者的欢迎。但是,在烟熏肉中含有致癌的多环芳烃(PAHs),影响着人们的健康。主要从烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃(PAHs)的提取、检测方法对其进行综述,以实现多环芳烃的快速检测和达到寻找控制多环芳烃方法的目的。     

Application of PCR-DGGE to analyse the yeast population dynamics in slurry reactors during degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in weathered oil

Slurry-phase reactors have been used to investigate the biodegradation feasibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in weathered crude oil, by mixed culture containing five PAHs-degrading yeast strains. Yeasts were isolated from the oily soil by enrichment culture, using phenanthrene as a sole carbon source, and identified based on the 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence. Yeast strains belonged to the genera Candida, Pichia, Rhodotorula and Sporidiobolus. The experiment was carried out for a period of 6 weeks at room temperature with a solid : liquid ratio of 50% w/w. The results showed that high removal efficiency was obtained for all PAHs, including low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) compounds (89.3-98.6% and 66.3-89.4% within 6 weeks, respectively). The higher removal efficiency for HMW-PAHs obtained in this work suggested that yeast strains mixture could play an important role to reclaim oil-contaminated sites. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 26S rRNA genes was used to follow the changes of yeast populations during the slurry reactor process. The results of DGGE indicated that Candida maltosa-like and Pichia guilliermondii were the dominant species but Rhodotorula dairenensis appeared as a weak band and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor and Pichia anomala disappeared during the study. Moreover, the results showed that all of the five strains, including the two belonging to the same genus, could be differentiated from each other in the DGGE profile.     

河流沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)类化合物提取技术的比较研究

河流沉积物中的多环芳烃(PHAs)威胁着河流底栖生物以及人类的健康,不断发展的检测技术可以帮助人类更好地研究PAHs类污染物的沉积、迁移、转化规律。文章综述了河流沉积物中PHAs的前处理提取技术,对索氏提取、自动索氏提取、固液搅拌萃取、UAE、MAE、SFE、ASE和吹扫捕集法等提取方法的提取条件、成本和效率进行了比较。