反向凝固与高温轧制过程中元素互扩散对复合界面的作用

在反向凝固与高温轧制过程中 ,母带与凝固层间一直进行着互扩散 ,C元素靠反应扩散由母带扩散到凝固层 ,Cr由凝固层扩散到母带 ,母带与凝固层之间存在明显的扩散层。Cr在母带中的扩散厚度约为 13μ。扩散到母带中的Cr和母带中的Fe形成固溶体 ,并析出Cr的碳化物。母带与凝固层界面实现了冶金结合     

CdZnTe Crystal Growth by Vertical Gradient Freezing Method

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Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) studies of liquid-liquid flows. Part I: Flow structures and phase inversion

A non-intrusive dye tracing technique, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), has been applied to investigate the co-current flow of two immiscible organic-aqueous liquid flows in a vertical pipe. This technique allowed detailed visualization of the dynamic evolution of the flows. Flow structures in liquid-liquid flows at high dispersed phase fraction were revealed which had not been seen before. In pipe flow, an unstable range was found in the flow pattern map in which oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) dispersions could co-exist. Secondary dispersions (o/w/o and w/o/w) were observed for most volume fractions and velocities, especially in the unstable range. It was observed that, when the flow is in the unstable region, both w/o/w and o/w/o secondary dispersions could appear in the same set of experiments. It was found that this unstable range in the pipe flow, in spite of the similar appearance, was different to the ambivalent range seen in agitated systems. The one-dimensional drift flux model of Wallis (1969) for dispersed flow and a laminar model for co-current downward annular flow, were also applied to predict the in situ oil holdup; good agreement was obtained.     

软段含羧基的水性聚氨酯贮存稳定性研究

合成了软段含羟基的水性聚氨酯（WPU），对影响其贮存稳定性的各种因素进行了研究，通过显微镜对PU进行了观察。结果表明：以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）合成，在有性溶剂（如丁酮、丙酮）条件下用三乙胺中和，采用较小相地分子质量的聚酯有利于增强WPU的贮存稳定性，以TDI合成的PU-TDI体系的粒径较PU-IPDI体系的小，稳定性高；以丁酮、丙酮为溶剂的PU-IPDI体系相反转完全。     

Rheological evaluation of the influence of polymer concentration and molar mass distribution on the formation and performance of asymmetric gas separation membranes prepared by dry phase inversion

Asymmetric gas separation membranes were prepared by the dry-casting technique from PEEKWC, a modified amorphous glassy poly(ether ether ketone). The phase inversion process and membrane performance were correlated to the properties of the polymer and the casting solution (molar mass, polymer concentration, solution rheology and thermodynamics). It was found that a broad molar mass distribution of the polymer in the casting solution is most favourable for the formation of a highly selective membrane with a dense skin and a porous sub-layer. Thus, membranes with an effective skin thickness of less than 1 μm were obtained, exhibiting a maximum O₂/N₂ selectivity of 7.2 and a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 39, both significantly higher than in a corresponding thick dense PEEKWC membrane and also comparable to or higher than that of the most commonly used polymers for gas separation membranes. The CO₂ and O₂ permeance were up to 9.5×10⁻³ and 1.8×10⁻³ m³/(m² h bar) (3.5 and 0.67 GPU), respectively.     

Strength, durability and micro-structural aspects of high performance volcanic ash concrete

This paper presents the results of investigations to assess the suitability of using volcanic ash (VA) as a cement replacement material to produce high performance concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete mixtures replacing 0 to 20% by mass of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by VA. The performance of high performance volcanic ash concrete (HPVAC) mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. The mechanical properties were assessed by compressive strength, while durability characteristics were investigated by rapid chloride permeability (RCP), drying shrinkage (DS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness tests. HPVACs showed better durability properties compared to control concrete with 0% VA. The improved performance of HPVACs was attributed to the refinement of pore structure, and pozzolanic action of VA. HPVAC having a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 60 MPa can be obtained by replacing up to 20% (by mass) of cement by VA. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly HPVAC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) is extremely helpful for the sustainable development and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

Influence of compaction on the interfacial transition zone and the permeability of concrete

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is regarded as a key feature for the transport properties and the durability of concrete. In this study one self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixture and two conventionally vibrated concrete (CVC) mixtures are studied in order to determine the influence of compaction on the porosity of the ITZ. Additionally oxygen permeability and water conductivity were measured in vertical and horizontal direction. The quantitative analysis of images made with an optical microscope and an environmental scanning electron microscope shows a significantly increased porosity and width of the ITZ in CVC compared to SCC. At the same time oxygen permeability and water conductivity of CVC are increased in comparison to SCC. Moreover, considerable differences in the porosity of the lower, lateral and upper ITZ are observed in both types of concrete. The anisotropic distribution of pores in the ITZ does not necessarily cause anisotropy in oxygen permeability and water conductivity though.     

Speaker adaptive voice source modeling with applications to speech coding and processing

We discuss the use of low-dimensional physical models of the voice source for speech coding and processing applications. A class of waveform-adaptive dynamic glottal models and parameter identification procedures are illustrated. The model and the identification procedures are assessed by addressing signal transformations on recorded speech, achievable by fitting the model to the data, and then acting on the physically oriented parameters of the voice source. The class of models proposed provides in principle a tool for both the estimation of glottal source signals, and the encoding of the speech signal for transformation purposes. The application of this model to time stretching and to fundamental frequency control (pitch shifting) is also illustrated. The experiments show that copy synthesis is perceptually very similar to the target, and that time stretching and “pitch extrapolation” effects can be obtained by simple control strategies.     

湘桂石膏矿岩层移动的反演分析

为了研究湘桂石膏矿的岩体变形规律,对该矿东采区顶板岩孔多点位移计观测和钻孔锚杆应力计检测的结果进行综合反演分析,提出了水下矿区开挖后采场岩层的变形规律,为采取有效措施控制岩层移动提供了依据.     

Carbonaceous adsorbents from sewage sludge and their application in a combined activated sludge-powdered activated carbon (AS-PAC) treatment

In this study, waste biological sludge is converted to an adsorbent by chemical activation with sulphuric acid. The adsorbent obtained is then applied to the aerated vessel of an activated sludge process treating glucose and phenol to improve the quality of the treated effluent. The sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent was found to be mesoporous in nature, with a good adsorption capacity for large molecular weight compounds and limited removal efficiency for smaller molecules such as phenol. The addition of carbon, either sludge-based or commercial, enhanced phenol removal from 58% to 98.7% and from 87% to 93% the organic matter removal as measured by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) when operated with feed concentrations of 100 mg phenol/l and 2500 mg COD/l. No differences were found between the activated sludge-activated carbon bench scale continuous reactors operating with either commercial or sludge-based adsorbents in spite of the higher adsorption capacity of the former. It is suggested that powdered adsorbent bioregeneration in the combined AS-PAC system may be impaired by the obstruction of pores due to bacterial growth, the effect being more important for the commercial activated carbon with a narrower pore size distribution.