坐标变换在空间望远镜误差标定中的应用

为满足空间望远镜地面测试与标定,提出了利用坐标变换原理实现室内动靶标检测架模拟空间望远镜跟踪卫星场景的计算模型,仿真结果与球面三角学计算一致。采用坐标变换方法推导了望远镜探测系统与望远镜回转中心不重合情况下,探测系统的跟踪误差与两者位置偏差的关系。设定靶标转速4(°)/s时仿真结果表明,竖直轴方向位置误差0.2m时,只引起望远镜俯仰角跟踪恒定偏差5.65874°,其余角度、角速度和角加速度的偏差均近似为0(数量级小于10-12);水平轴方向存在0.002 m的位置误差时,方位角跟踪角误差0.05678°~0.13925°,方位角速度和角加速度误差分别为0.00701(°)/s、0.00256(°)/s2,耦合引起俯仰跟踪角度误差数量级10-4,角速度和角加速度误差数量级10-6;视轴方向的位置偏差对跟踪结果无影响。该结论可为空间望远镜检测与装调提供参考。     

LTB-1皮带秤校准装置的设计和应用

通过对传统核子皮带秤标定工作的介绍，针对常规标定方法中精度不高，必须停车，费时等问题，介绍了新型LTB-1皮带秤校准装置的原理及开发应用。     

Assessment of whiteness and tint of fluorescent substrates with good interinstrument correlation

White is primarily a sensation like blue, green, or red and, as such, is not measurable directly. Only a physical property, the spectral reflectance of a sample, can be measured directly. But this is not a standard, fixed quantity; it depends on a number of individual properties of the measuring instrument used. the entire geometry of the illuminating chamber—generally speaking a sphere is used for samples with a structured surface—is incorporated in the measuring results. the size of the aperture and the exclusion or inclusion of gloss also influence reflectance. High whiteness is obtainable only with the aid of fluorescent whitening agents [FWAs], and is hence a fluorescent color, which demands specific qualities of the illumination. the sample illumination must be identical with that for which the colorimetric values have been calculated. Nowadays, however, this is usually standard illuminant D65, which can be simulated only approximately in measuring instruments. In addition, all lamps used are subject to changes in spectral energy distribution. the problem is how to obtain constant, comparable results, namely whiteness, tint, and lightness for fluorescent materials using measuring instruments of different designs incorporating different means of simulating standard illuminant D65 or other D illuminants. This article presents a method that has been in use in industry for about 20 years. the method in question comprises two parts: first, on the hardware side, sample illumination that has to meet specific requirements, match the UV excitation required, and remain stable; second, on the software side, the two critical dimensions of whiteness and tint are calculated indirectly from the measuring results. Only in this way is it possible to achieve a large measure of comparability between different instruments. In principle, the method is also suitable for different illuminants and for any white preference. In all other methods of assessment the parameters are not matched to the instrument characteristics. If the results obtained with different measuring instruments are to be compared, difference values have to be used, entailing the need for standards and involving all the drawbacks associated with them.     

振荡波磁场发生器的校准

针对振荡波磁场发生器校准规范的缺失,依据有关国家和国际标准,对振荡波磁场发生器自动校准技术做了系统研究。提出了需要校准的三类参数,对每类参数给出了校准方法及线路,最后设计了自动校准系统,以提高校准质量和效率。这些工作为下一步编写校准规范奠定了技术基础。     

局部放电测量仪校准装置的研制与应用

局部放电测量仪校准装置是根据国家计量标准和高新科学技术设计和研制而成的，采用虚拟数据采集技术，进行数字积分，按照q=It的方法来实现对局部放电（电量单位：皮库（pC））的测量。该校准装置能够按照标准的规定对局部放电测量仪进行全面的校准，具有半智能化、精度高、感应灵敏、操作方便等优点，对于提高电器产品的安全性能和产品质量很有帮助，是一种应用广泛的重要安全试验仪器。     

校验软件中的装置信息管理功能探讨

针对校验软件对装置信息管理较简单和出具历史报告是可能出现错误的问题,提出两套校验软件中装置信息管理方案.文中给出方案的详细设计,以及两种方案利弊的比较分析.最后,提到校验软件的装置管理发展的新要求.     

基于ISA总线的数据采集卡的设计及应用

本文介绍了基于ISA总线的数据采集卡的硬件电路和软件设计。针对传统数据采集卡中电压测量电路的零点校正和满刻度校正是用滑动变阻器来实现的,设计了一种新的采用D/A转换芯片、存储器和集成运算放大器的电路,代替了传统的滑动变阻器校正方法,实现了自动校正,提高了调整精度。采用新的校正电路的另一个优点是可以采用各种非线性校准技术,对电压测量电路的非线性进行自动校准。     

美式双提拉窗框挤出模的设计

以美式双提拉窗框为例,根据该类型材挤出模技术中的难点,分别介绍了口模中的整体型芯结构、内筋采用内腔供料和两侧汇流的供料方式、单臂在口模的补偿量和它与定型模的匹配;定型模中功能尺寸的控制、真空与冷却水的排布;以及加工和调试中遇到的其它问题。     

纸机Mx2002系统定量传感器标定理论与方法

阐述了造纸机Ｍｘ２００２系统定量传感器标定理论和分析方法，并成功地应用于解决实际问题，取得了满意的结果。     

Economic control of fertiliser in highly productive pastoral systems. V. Extending advice through the Mitscherlich-Liebig model

A general solution is proposed to the problem of extending economic fertilizer advice over a highly productive pastoral area. The scheme implies a subdivision of the area through objective information obtained from widely dispersed, long-term, 3 level field trials; within sub-areas advice appropriate to a particular farm, or part thereof, is specified by incorporating more or less subjective estimates concerning level of output from the current input of fertilizer and carry-over of fertility in the field from one year to the next. The mathematical model used to facilitate an economic evaluation has been termed ML because it combines two cardinal principles: Mitscherlich's Law of Diminishing Returns and Liebig's Law of the Minimum, and is thus in accord with both economic and physiological theory. The model has been used to assess the effectiveness of chemical soil testing as a means of estimating carryover of fertility and to study the sensitivity of economic advice to error in the vital ratio: cost of input/selling price of output. The concept of a common response curve for essential elements has been developed as a basis for calculating the composition of a complete physiologically balanced fertilizer.The articles I–IV appeared inFertilizer Research 4:4 (1984)