危险化学品环境污染事故统计分析及预防策略

文章搜集了我国2000~2012年133起典型危险化学品环境污染事故,根据污染要素分为大气污染事故、水污染事故和土壤污染事故。运用数理统计方法,分析了各类事故的发生原因、危害、影响因素及应急处置特点。最后结合上述事故的分析,对我国危险化学品环境污染事故的应急管理工作提出几点建议。     

1,4-丁二醇产品链及制备工艺

1,4-丁二醇是一种基本的石油及精细化工原料。介绍了1,4-丁二醇的用途、主要工艺及技术进展,同时还分析了1,4-丁二醇的市场现状,并对产业发展提出一点建议。     

水性聚氨酯亲水扩链剂的研究进展

介绍了水性聚氨酯(WPU)亲水扩链剂的种类、合成方法及其对WPU性能的影响,重点对阴离子型亲水扩链剂进行了分类和介绍。综述了国内外WPU亲水扩链剂的研究现状,并对其发展前景提出了展望。     

浅谈哈石化航煤管道运输应急响应

航煤的性质决定了航煤管道运输事故的性质--危害大、影响大。本文论述了航煤管道泄漏时应急响应过程,浅述了航煤管道应急响应现存问题及解决方案,如能实施,对保障哈石化的稳定发展具有重要的现实意义。     

L-乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物的扩链反应研究

以不同量比的L-乳酸和乙醇酸为原料通过直接熔融缩聚制备聚(L-乳酸-乙醇酸)(PLGA),并将它分别与扩链剂4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯进行熔融扩链反应,以进一步提高PLGA的分子质量。采用红外光谱、差示量热扫描仪和热稳定性测试仪对扩链反应前后聚合物的结构及性能进行研究。结果表明,L-乳酸所占量比的增加有利于扩链反应的发生,通过扩链反应,产物的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性均有所提高。     

埋刮板输送机在电厂排渣与输灰中的应用

随着人类环保意识的日益加强，人们已经认识到保护水资源的重要性。由于废渣（灰）综合利用水平的提高，干法排渣、输灰技术也得到了发展，本文结合两个工程项目，详细介绍了使用埋刮板输送机可以实现电厂炉渣、粉煤灰的干法输送，旨在引起专业设计人员的注意并加以采用。     

Implementing land-use and ecosystem service effects into an integrated bioenergy value chain optimisation framework

This study presents a multi-objective optimisation model that is configured to account for a range of interrelated or conflicting questions with regard to the introduction of bioenergy systems. A spatial-temporal mixed integer linear programming model ETI-BVCM (Energy Technologies Institute – Bioenergy Value Chain Model) (ETI, 2015b, Newton-Cross, 2015, Samsatli et al., 2015) was adopted and extended to incorporate resource-competing systems and effects on ecosystem services brought about by the land-use transitions in response to increasing bioenergy penetration over five decades. The extended model functionality allows exploration of the effects of constraining ecosystem services impacts on other system-wide performance measures such as cost or greenhouse gas emissions. The users can therefore constrain the overall model by metric indicators which quantify the changes of ecosystem services due to land use transitions. The model provides a decision-making tool for optimal design of bioenergy value chains supporting an economically and land-use efficient and environmentally sustainable UK energy system while still delivering multiple ecosystem services.     

Genistein Inhibits Osteoclastic Differentiation of RAW 264.7 Cells via Regulation of ROS Production and Scavenging

Genistein, a phytoestrogen, has been demonstrated to have a bone-sparing and antiresorptive effect. Genistein can inhibit the osteoclast formation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW 264.7 cells by preventing the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a redox-sensitive factor, to the nucleus. Therefore, the suppressive effect of genistein on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level during osteoclast differentiation and the mechanism associated with the control of ROS levels by genistein were investigated. The cellular antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect of genistein were confirmed. The translation and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (Nox1), as well as the disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain system were obviously suppressed by genistein in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), was enhanced by genistein. In addition, the translational induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was notably increased by genistein. These results provide that the inhibitory effects of genistein on RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation is likely to be attributed to the control of ROS generation through suppressing the translation and activation of Nox1 and the disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain system, as well as ROS scavenging through the Nrf2-mediated induction of phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD1 and HO-1.     

Effects of nematic coupling on the phase behaviour of nematogen mixtures

The phase behaviour of binary nematogen mixtures of side‐chain liquid crystal crosslinked polymers and low molecular weight liquid crystals is investigated with particular emphasis on the effects of nematic coupling. The cross nematic quadrupole parameter ν₁₂ is assumed to be proportional to the geometric average of ν₁₁ and ν₂₂ characteristic of single nematogens. In the weak coupling limit, the proportionality constant is lower than 1, and the phase diagram exhibits a reduced miscibility of the nematogens. In the case of strong coupling, the proportionality constant exceeds 1 resulting in higher miscibility. This is characterized by a nematic order that extends to temperatures above the upper nematic–isotropic transition temperature. A wide region of miscibility emerges showing a single nematic phase. Nematogens having similar nematic–isotropic transition temperatures exhibit different phase properties from systems with widely separated transition temperatures. Effects of the polymer volume fraction at crosslinking, rubber elasticity parameters of the network, and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter on the equilibrium phase diagram of these systems are discussed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

钻孔灌注桩和深层搅拌桩组合的应用

结合钻孔灌注桩和深层搅拌桩组合在具体工程中应用的实例，重点阐述了深基坑支护方案设计、施工方案制定及现场应急和监测措施，通过基坑支护方案的有效实施，从而达到了预期的效果。