新疆哈密市双井子地区空心山火山机构特征及成因

通过野外工作,在双井子的地区发现较为典型的古火山构造－空心山火山机构,其形成时代为晚石炭世,火山机构呈特殊的环状地貌特征,周围发育明显的歪状断裂和放射状岩墙,并由爆发相,喷溢相,火山颈相和侵入相４种岩相构成,表现出一种爆发－喷溢－侵入的简单的火山活动。     

蒲石河抽水蓄能电站地下厂房渗水原因分析

因埋深大、引水距离长,蒲石河抽水蓄能电站地下厂房排水廊道岩体渗水现象较明显。对此,结合枢纽区地质构造情况、气温变化和地下厂房结构布置等资料,以渗流场和温度场耦合机理为理论支撑,通过研究实测漏水量与气温等影响因子的相关关系,分析了不同区域的渗漏原因。结果表明,周期性变化漏水点的主要渗漏原因为出露的岩体裂隙和气温变化,而非周期性的漏水点漏水主要为内水外渗所致。研究结果可为厂房安全运行提供技术借鉴。     

含密实填充物的平行双裂隙岩体模型渗透特性试验研究

针对含填充物的双裂隙岩体,利用惰性气体渗透测试系统,在一次围压加卸载下对试样进行渗透率和孔隙度的精确测量,研究了裂隙中填充物及交界面渗透特性随裂隙间距变化的规律。结果表明,单裂隙与双裂隙试样渗透率随围压变化规律大致相同;在加载阶段,随着裂隙间距的减小,裂隙之间的相互作用增大,孔隙度随围压减小的更为显著,而单裂隙孔隙度随围压变化最不明显;随着裂隙间距的增大,各试样渗透率相应减小,而由于单裂隙试样比双裂隙试样缺少两个渗透交界面,因此其渗透率在低围压下远小于双裂隙试样。     

Multifunctional BPs/MT@PLGA-ALE Nanospheres for Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture with Near-Infrared Irradiation

Osteoporotic fracture, which is a clinical complication of osteoporosis featured with the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Non-surgical intervention is frequently required post-operatively to ameliorate the fracture healing. Nevertheless, current non-surgical therapies are mostly performed in a non-targeted manner without giving enough consideration to the pathological characteristics of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop an optimal strategy for promoting fracture healing under osteoporotic conditions. In this study, a multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform is designed to work in conjunction with near-infrared irradiation. Specifically, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is functionalized with alendronate (ALE) and black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) together with melatonin (MT) molecules are encapsulated by PLGA-ALE to produce the multifunctional BPs/MT@PLGA-ALE nanospheres. In this structure, BPs degrade gradually and deliver mild photothermal effects to facilitate bone regeneration, whereas MT has the dual-capability of suppressing osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteogenesis. Moreover, ALE endows the nanoplatform with the reliable bone-targeting capacity to improve the therapeutic effects. The combination of BPs/MT@PLGA-ALE nanospheres and photothermal therapy significantly improve post-surgical healing of osteoporotic fracture by modulating the tumor necrosis factor and cell death-related signaling pathways. This study reveals a promising strategy to treat osteoporotic fracture and broadens the application of nanomaterials in the biomedical field.     

引水隧洞复杂裂隙围岩高压灌浆浆液扩散过程研究

随着我国抽水蓄能电站的大量兴建，超高水头引水隧洞逐渐增多，高压固结灌浆是保证隧洞围岩稳定的一种有效技术措施，其中灌浆参数的取值对于工程设计至关重要。本文利用COMSOL多物理场耦合软件平台，采用蒙特卡洛方法，结合MATLAB进行二次开发生成三维随机裂隙，基于浆液流变理论、流体连续性方程和对流扩散运动方程，以阳江抽水蓄能电站引水隧洞围岩高压灌浆为例，研究了不同水灰比、灌浆压力、灌浆时间对于三维网络裂隙岩体的浆液扩散过程的影响。模拟分析结果表明：水灰比对浆液扩散影响较大，浆液扩散距离和水灰比成正比;灌浆起始阶段水泥颗粒运移距离与灌浆历时呈正相关，但灌浆范围内的裂隙达到饱和后颗粒运移距离不再随时间延长而增加;在灌浆过程中需要逐步提高压力，以保证浆液充分渗透到裂隙内部，当灌浆压力超过一定数值，水泥颗粒运移量受灌浆压力影响较小。本研究可为同类型灌浆数值模拟开发和灌浆工程设计提供参考。     

Mechanical behaviors of coal measures and ground control technologies for China's deep coal mines – A review

This paper reviews the major achievements in terms of mechanical behaviors of coal measures, mining stress distribution characteristics and ground control in China's deep underground coal mining. The three main aspects of this review are coal measure mechanics, mining disturbance mechanics, and rock support mechanics. Previous studies related to these three topics are reviewed, including the geomechanical properties of coal measures, distribution and evolution characteristics of mining-induced stresses, evolution characteristics of mining-induced structures, and principles and technologies of ground control in both deep roadways and longwall faces. A discussion is made to explain the structural and mechanical properties of coal measures in China's deep coal mining practices, the types and distribution characteristics of in situ stresses in underground coal mines, and the distribution of mining-induced stress that forms under different geological and engineering conditions. The theory of pre-tensioned rock bolting has been proved to be suitable for ground control of deep underground coal roadways. The use of combined ground control technology (e.g. ground support, rock mass modification, and destressing) has been demonstrated to be an effective measure for rock control of deep roadways. The developed hydraulic shields for 1000 m deep ultra-long working face can effectively improve the stability of surrounding rocks and mining efficiency in the longwall face. The ground control challenges in deep underground coal mines in China are discussed, and further research is recommended in terms of theory and technology for ground control in deep roadways and longwall faces.     

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系层理缝成因及其对储层的影响

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系由于埋藏深、成岩作用强烈,储层物性总体较差,但在侏罗系顶部红层中发育相对较好的储层,并获得了工业油气流.根据岩心观察,结合薄片、测井及试油等资料可知,优质储层的发育及分布与层理缝密切相关.层理缝不仅是良好的储集空间,而且增大了孔隙的连通性,为有机流体的运移提供了通道,促进了次生孔隙的发育.同时,层理缝对储层的影响程度与其密度直接相关,密度越大,储层物性越好.研究结果表明,颗粒粗、分选好的砂岩层易形成层理缝,车莫古隆起强烈抬升及断层活动是开启层理缝的主要动力,早期烃类充注和后期异常高压为层理缝的保存或进一步开启提供了条件.永进地区侏罗系有利勘探方向为永1井区向东北的车莫古隆起的隆升方向,靠近断层的区域为最有利的地区;永2和永9井区是次一级勘探有利区.     

Linking Interfacial Bonding and Thermal Conductivity in Molecularly-Confined Polymer-Glass Nanocomposites with Ultra-High Interfacial Density

Thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites becomes dependent on the interfacial thermal conductance due to the ultra-high density of the internal interfaces when the polymer and filler domains are intimately mixed at the nanoscale. However, there is a lack of experimental measurements that can link the thermal conductance across the interfaces to the chemistry and bonding between the polymer molecules and the glass surface. Characterizing the thermal properties of amorphous composites are a particular challenge as their low intrinsic thermal conductivity leads to poor measurement sensitivity of the interfacial thermal conductance. To address this issue here, polymers are confined in porous organosilicates with high interfacial densities, stable composite structure, and varying surface chemistries. The thermal conductivities and fracture energies of the composites are measured with frequency dependent time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and thin-film fracture testing, respectively. Effective medium theory (EMT) along with finite element analysis (FEA) is then used to uniquely extract the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) from the measured thermal conductivity of the composites. Changes in TBC are then linked to the hydrogen bonding between the polymer and organosilicate as quantified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. This platform for analysis is a new paradigm in the experimental investigation of heat flow across constituent domains.