辽河盆地大民屯凹陷油气性质及成因机制研究

大民屯凹陷油品性质复杂,既有含蜡量小于20%的正常油,又富含蜡量>20%的特高蜡油。经过原油物性、甾萜等分析,认为高蜡油油源岩沉积环境为较正常油贫粘土、盐度相对较高、相对闭塞的弱还原环境,其母质应由陆源高等植物和低等水生生物共同构成,且经微生物改造较强烈。正常油油源以高等植物为主体,处于相对氧化且富粘土的沉积环境。通过精细油源对比认为:大民屯凹陷高蜡油主要来源于沙四下部的"油页岩",而正常油母质主要为沙四上部和沙三四的厚层泥岩。综合分析认为高蜡油成因主要受控于沉积母质和沉积环境的双重控制,且因整个大民屯凹陷较低的热演化程度而使高蜡油得以保存。      

平动椭圆振动筛参数化建模

平动椭圆振动筛具有优良的性能和钻井液处理能力,已广泛应用于国内外油田泥浆的净化处理系统。文章介绍了用Pro／E软件对振动筛进行参数化设计、开发专用振动筛设计程序的方法。为提高振动筛的设计效率、推出新产品提供了强有力的支持。     

Trace metal composition of Green River retorted shale oil

Crude shale oils from an aboveground and two in-situ retorting processes were characterized for 26 trace element constituents. The shale oils were pyrolysed from Green River Formation oil shale by pilot plant or semiworks-sized facilities. Trace elements were resolved into those predominantly associated with suspended shale fines or emulsified water, and those more intimately associated with the shale oil matrix. The abundance of the metals As, Co, Fe, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, V and Zn were quantified in whole and fractionated shale oil samples; the possible chemical nature of several metals is discussed. Based on the shale oils examined, the following observations were noted: the shale oils contained moderately high levels of Fe (33–63 ppm) and As (9.3–29 ppm), and lower quantities of Co, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn (≈1–10 ppm); most trace metals were associated with asphaltene or resin components; relative to reported mean values for petroleum, the As, Co, Fe, Mo and Se were more prevalent in Green River shale oil; in-situ retorting processes appeared to introduce Mo into the product shale oil.     

Solvent swelling studies of Göynük (Kerogen Type-I) and Beypazar? oil shales (Kerogen Type-II)

The volumetric swelling procedure was applied to Göynük and Beypazar? oil shales from Turkey by using 10 solvents and the cross-linking in the macromolecular network of oil shales were investigated using this technique. Results from solvent swelling measurements show that the volumetric solvent swelling of oil shales samples roughly follows the regular solution theory. The theory of solvent swelling of cross-linked polymers developed Flory-Rehner and extension of this theory by Kovac-Peppas was used to calculate number average molecular weight per cross-link of kerogen structure in oil shale samples. Results indicate no remarkable difference between values for Göynük oil shale (Kerogen Type I) and Beypazar? oil shale (Kerogen Type II).     

泥页岩水化时效评价方法研究

目前钻井过程中的一大技术难题是泥页碉与钻井液接触后,钻井液中滤液和微细颗粒可能进入泥页岩,引起泥页岩力学性质发生变化,强度下降,从而引发一系列井下复杂情况和事故,妨碍油气勘探开发的过程。在研究该问题时,需要了解页岩的水化特性,了解泥页岩水化过程中强度变化等。这些都需要适合的试验方法来测试和分析。针对泥页岩水化后强度降低的特点,研制出泥页岩水化时效评价仪器。该仪器结构紧,操作方便,能自动采集处理数据并打印出结果,具有较高的测量精度。测试数据和曲线对于分析不同泥页岩的水化特征和优选抑制性钻井液处理剂及防塌钻井液配方具有重要作用。     

新型胺基抑制剂的研究(Ⅰ)——分子结构设计与合成

在分析泥页岩水化抑制作用机理的基础上,进行了新型胺基抑制剂的分子结构设计。根据所设计的分子结构,采用催化胺化法合成出了该新型胺基抑制剂,并对其分别进行了红外(IR)、电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)及气/质(GC/MS)联用分析。结果表明,所合成化合物的分子结构特征与起初的分子结构设计模型非常吻合,含有胺基,并连有醚键,是一种分子量不超过1000的脂肪胺类低聚物,具备作为胺基抑制剂的合适分子结构。     

多功能毛细管吸入时间仪的研制

多功能毛细管吸入时间仪是在美国CST仪的基础上重新研制的。该仪器采用全集成电路,时间、电阻为LET显示。仪器除了能测定页岩分散性之外,还增添了快速测定泥浆失水量和电阻率的功能,因而为研究页岩分类及跟踪页岩井段受冲蚀的程度提供了新的手段。该仪器通过现场使用,证明性能稳定,操作简便,重复性好,并可适合于野外作业。     

Organic geochemistry of the British Kimmeridge Clay: 1. Composition of shale oils produced from Kimmeridge sediments

A series of shale oils produced by Fischer assay of Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian oil shales, claystones and cementstones from on-shore Britain has been analysed. Oil yields are related to lithology via the quantity of sedimentary organic matter present in each lithologic unit, and also to stratigraphic horizon for certain rich, laterally uniform and persistent units. Shale oils are dark and sulphurous, containing < 50% hydrocarbons. NSO compounds are relatively important in the chromatographically separable fractions, while aliphatic hydrocarbons are usually subordinate. Unimodal normal alkane distributions maximize around nC16, while bimodal distributions have a secondary maximum around nC29. Many alkane gas chromatograms are characterized by a prominent peak due to the nC23 alkane. Certain compositional features are of pyrolytic origin (aromatics, heterocompounds, alkenes), while others are determined by the organic sedimentary input (alkane distributions, prominent nC23 alkane). Broad similarity in geochemical parameters suggests a consistency in the composition of sedimented organic matter. Smaller-scale compositional variations are thought to result from minor fluctuations in the composition of the organic sedimentary input, for example changes in the amount of terrestrial organic detritus reaching the depocentre. Results suggest a dominantly algal or bacterial organic matter source continuously operative throughout much of the Upper Jurassic over the entire region, with a smaller, more variable magnitude contribution from terrestrial sources, probably deposited in a near-shore marine shelf-sea environment under anoxic conditions.     

测井饱和度解释模型发展及分析

为了认识目前测井饱和度解释模型的研究现状,为测井储集层评价时选择合理的饱和度解释模型提供基础性资料,在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,根据模型提出的理论背景,将饱和度解释模型分为经典Archie公式、考虑泥质影响的饱和度解释模型、考虑骨架及多重孔隙影响的饱和度解释模型和非均质条件下基于网络导电的通用饱和度解释模型.除基本的Arehie模型以外,其他各类中均含有多种饱和度解释模型.其中考虑泥质影响的饱和度解释模型又进一步分为基于泥质等效体积的饱和度解释模型、基于泥质阳离子交换能力的饱和度解释模型、基于有效介质理论的饱和度解释模型.建议今后从理论数值模拟、岩石物理实验、饱和度模型的提出、模型参数物理意义的解释等方面进行更深入的研究.参36     

准南大黄山二叠系芦草沟组油页岩相控成矿模式

采用沉积岩石学、沉积学、有机岩石学、层序地层学及有机地球化学对准南大黄山油页岩进行研究.研究结果表明:准南大黄山油页岩属腐泥型和腐殖腐泥型成因类型,主体发育在半深湖-深湖环境,缺少陆生植物输入,缺失底栖生物.凝灰质的存在指示火山营养物质促进了藻类和其他浮游生物的繁衍.表层水体有机质繁衍旺盛,底层水体闭塞滞流且咸化缺氧,提供了巨厚优质油页岩特殊的分层水体悬浮加积与持续成矿的条件.含矿岩系由低水位体系域、水进体系域、高水位体系域和水退体系域构成,油页岩发育于不同的体系域,其中水进体系域的湖泛期和高水位体系域的整个加积过程更有利于油页岩沉积成矿.