Determination of residual organic matter in extracted oil sands using a low temperature ashing method

The application of a low temperature ashing method for estimating total residual organic matter (toluene insolubles) in oil sands is described. A linear correlation exists between organic carbon content and loss on ignition at 400 ± 10 °C of solvent extracted oil sands. The ratio between total organic carbon and the weight loss on ignition (CT/LOl) owing to the removal of residual organic matter is much lower than that obtained for toluene soluble bitumen fractions, indicating very different chemical composition for the residual organic matter. The measured carbon content of the residual organic matter in oil sands suggests that this material could be a mixture of various fractions contained in resins, asphaltenes, asphaltic acids and humic acids.     

蓖麻油基聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备与性能研究

采用种子乳液聚合方法合成了蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液,通过激光散射法、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对该复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,该乳液具有核壳结构,并且随着原料中蓖麻油与聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)摩尔比的增加,复合材料的耐水性逐渐提高;聚丙烯酸酯的引入对乳液的粒径和胶膜性能均有影响,合适的PA/PU摩尔比在2∶3~1∶1之间;当COOH基质量分数为1.2%时,加入2%的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),乳液外观由乳白色变为透明色,且凝胶量少,乳液的稳定性好。     

稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性的研究

以大庆黑帝庙稠油为研究对象，依据稠油乳化降粘原理及O／W型乳状液的形成机制，考察了表面活性剂类型及添加量，碱的添加量，温度、油／水比、振荡方式等因素对稠油O／W型乳状液稳定性的影响。为筛选降粘剂复合配方及选择降低粘工艺提供了必要的基础数据。     

Effectiveness of cardenolides as feeding deterrents toPeromyscus mice

I compared the feeding responses of five species ofPeromyscus mice (aztecus, polionotus, melanotis, leucopus, andmaniculatus) to three bitter-tasting cardenolides (ouabain, digoxin, and digitoxin) that differ greatly in lipophilic character.Peromyscus, like other muroid rodents, are unusual in that they can ingest relatively large amounts of cardenolides without adverse physiologic effects. In experiment 1, I determined avoidance thresholds for the three cardenolides with 48 hr, two-choice tests. Mice exhibited large interspecific differences in avoidance threshold, and the interspecific ranking of the thresholds (maniculatus=leucopus >melanotis >polionotus >aztecus) was the same for each of the cardenolides. In experiment 2, I reevaluated the avoidance thresholds, but this time monitored the pattern of intake (i.e., bout lengths) during initial feeding encounters with cardenolidelaced diets. For each cardenolide, mice were subjected to three tests. In test 1, they received a control diet; in test 2, a diet containing the cardenolide at a concentration 1 log, unit below the avoidance threshold (as determined in experiment 1); and in test 3, a diet containing the cardenolide at the avoidance threshold concentration. Results were similar across all species and cardenolide types: Bout lengths in tests 1 and 2 were statistically equal, whereas those in test 3 were significantly shorter than those in test 1. The rapid rejection of cardenolide-laced diets in test 3 is consistent with a preingestive (i.e., gustatory) mechanism underlying the avoidance thresholds. I conclude (1) thatPeromyscus species differ substantially in taste sensitivity to cardenolides and that these differences may influence each species' respective ability to eat cardenolide-laced insects; and (2) that a species' relative taste sensitivity to one cardenolide predicts its sensitivity to other cardenolides.     

Vernonia oil–based acrylate and methacrylate polymers and interpenetrating polymer networks with epoxy resins

Acrylate and methacrylate monomers were obtained by reacting vernonia oil, a naturally epoxidized oil, with acrylic or methacrylic acid. The highest conversion (85–98%) of epoxy groups was obtained when the reaction was performed with an excess of the carboxylic acid at 100–120°C. The acrylate and methacrylate monomers of vernonia oil were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. These monomers were then cured by sunlight in the presence of benzophenone to produce transparent films. In addition, interpenetrating polymer neworks (IPNs) were prepared in a two‐step technique from the sunlight‐cured methacrylate of vernonia oil, as the elastomeric component, in combination with a cured epoxy resin (a bisphenol A–type resin). Dynamic mechanical analysis showed good compatibility between the networks of the two cured polymers. An IPN with a 1 : 1 composition of the two polymer components exhibited the properties of a reinforced elastomer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3835–3843, 2004     

浅谈现代油库中的信息化建设

随着我国科学技术水平和社会经济实力的不断提高,现如今的油库管理应该做到现代化、信息化.在油库管理的信息化建设中,计算机及其系统起到了至关重要的作用.本文介绍了油库管理信息系统的设计原则与具体内容,并详述了计算机系统是如何在油库的信息化管理中应用的.     

Numerical Simulation of Oil‐water Hydrocyclone Using Reynolds‐Stress Model for Eulerian Multiphase Flows

A three‐dimensional oil‐water turbulent flow and oil separation process in a double‐cone liquid‐liquid hydrocyclone (LLHC) is numerically simulated using FLUENT software. The Euler‐Euler approach and Reynolds‐stress model are combined and adopted in this simulation to handle the challenging situation of anisotropic turbulent two‐phase flow with a higher volumetric ratio (over 10%) in the dispersed phase. It is visualized well in the simulation how separation, aggregation and shift of oil and water proceed in the LLHC. The oil separation efficiency is determined based on flow field and phase concentration distribution. The simulation is verified by comparing predicted and measured separation efficiency in the LLHC.     

催化柴油化学精制工业应用

采用GZ试剂对三催化柴油进行化学精制的工业应用表明,该种化学精制方法精制效果好、工艺简单,精制后柴油氧化沉渣大幅度下降,柴油收率高(>99.7%)、处理成本低。将精制后的催化柴油与常压直馏柴油、加氢柴油进行调合,调合后成品柴油的各项指标均达到GB252-2000柴油出厂标准。对化学精制处理调合后的成品柴油进行储存实验,储存3个月后色度及氧化沉渣均符合国家标准。     

GC/MS分析鸡毛松枝精油的化学成分

为了促进罗汉松科植物鸡毛松在医药、农药和精细化工等领域中的应用,本研究利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鸡毛松枝精油,进一步采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)方法对其化学成分进行分析,分离鉴定出18种化学成分,主要有β 石竹烯(2 03%)、大根香叶烯(61 39%)、γ 榄香烯(12 14%)、β 杜松烯(2 14%)和rimuene(7 66%)。已鉴定化合物占总离子流出峰面积的92 69%,其中大部分是萜烯类化合物。     

Oil thermal annealed nano‐structured indium tin oxide thin films for display applications

Indium tin oxide‐coated thin films (200 nm) are deposited on glass substrates by using R.f. sputtering technique. Here, we investigate the influence of new technique of treatment, which is called as “oil thermal annealing” on the nano‐structured indium tin oxide thin films at fixed temperature (150 °C) which improves adhesion strength, electrical conductivity and optical properties (transmittance) of the films. Oil thermal annealing is used to reduce inherent defects that may be introduced during the prepared thin film and cooling processes. Proposed technique is highly suitable for liquid crystal displays, solar cells and organic light emitting diodes, and many other display‐related applications.